ICP-AES法测定中药中钙

钙 (Ca)是人体中必需的元素 ,其含量直接影响到神经 ,肌肉的兴奋性 ;在神经 ,肌肉应激 ,神经冲动的传递 ,心动节律的维持 ,血液凝固 ,细胞粘着等生理过程中 ,具有重要的意义。为了探讨中药方剂中Ca的测定方法 ,文章采用湿法HNO3 HClO4消解对试样进行消解 ,用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱 (ICP AES)法测定酸枣仁汤的中药方剂、葛根中钙元素的含量 ,回收率分别为 97 7%和 10 4 4 % ,相对标准偏差为 1 7%。发现中药中含有丰富的钙元素 ,钙在中药中可能起到一定的药理作用 ,用ICP AES测定中药中钙元素以评价中药的价值具有重要的意义     

基于近红外高光谱成像技术的干制红枣品种鉴别

为实现干制红枣的快速鉴别,提出了一种基于近红外高光谱成像技术的鉴别方法。采集四个品种共240个样本干制红枣的近红外高光谱图像(1 000～1 600 nm)。通过主成分分析法(principal component analysis,PCA)、载荷系数法(x-Loading Weights,x-LW)和连续投影算法(successive projections algorithm,SPA)分别提取7个、8个和10个特征波长;基于灰度共生矩阵(gray level co-occurrence matrix, GLCM)提取第一主成分图像的纹理特征。分别以光谱特征、纹理特征、光谱和纹理融合特征作为输入,建立偏最小二乘判别分析(partial least squares-discriminant analysis,PLS-DA)、反向传播神经网络(back-propagation neural network,BPNN)和最小二乘支持向量机(least squares support vector machines,LS-SVM)模型。结果显示,基于融合特征的模型鉴别率高于分别基于光谱特征或纹理特征的模型鉴别率;基于融合特征的BPNN模型的结果最优,对预测集样本鉴别正确率为100%。说明近红外高光谱成像技术可用于干制红枣品种的快速鉴别。     

基于高光谱成像技术的鲜枣裂纹的识别研究

裂纹是衡量鲜枣品质的重要指标之一,果皮裂纹加速鲜枣的腐烂,导致鲜枣货架期的缩短,严重降低鲜枣的经济价值。采用高光谱成像技术在380～1 030 nm波段范围内对鲜枣裂纹的位置及大小信息特征进行快速识别。选用偏最小二乘回归(PLSR)、连续投影法(SPA)和全波段图像主成分分析(PCA),得到鲜枣裂纹相关的敏感波段。然后利用选取的鲜枣裂纹的敏感波段对建模集的132个样本建立最小二乘支持向量机(LS-SVM)判别模型,并对预测集的44个样本进行判别。对PLSR-LS-SVM,SPA-LS-SVM和PCA-LS-SVM判别模型采用ROC曲线进行评判,得出PLSR-LS-SVM模型对鲜枣裂纹定性判别的结果(area=1,std=0)最佳。选取PLSR回归系数挑选出的5条鲜枣裂纹敏感波段(467,544,639,673和682 nm)对应的单波段图像进行主成分分析,其中将主成分PC4的图像结合图像处理技术,最终识别出鲜枣裂纹的位置、大小信息。结果表明,采用高光谱成像技术结合光谱图像处理可以实现鲜枣裂纹定性判别和定量识别的研究,为进一步开发相关仪器的研究提供理论方法和依据。     

Wave dispersion and attenuation in fresh mortar: theoretical predictions vs. experimental results

In the present paper, the dispersive and attenuative behavior of fresh cementitious material is examined through a series of ultrasonic, through-transmission measurements. The sand size and content dominate attenuation behavior, while the effect of entrapped air bubbles is mostly obvious at lower frequencies elevating phase velocity to values much higher than that of water. Theoretical investigation seems to explain the observed dispersion and attenuation mainly through two scattering interactions: sand embedded in paste and air bubbles in mortar. The predictions made by scattering theory follow closely the experimental data. The possibility of material characterization is discussed.     

鲜烟叶中质体色素的近红外分析研究

本文采用近红外漫反射光谱技术和偏最小二乘法,建立了质体色素(叶绿素和类胡萝卜素)中两种组分的数学模型,并对所建立的数学模型进行了优化和验证。结果表明,用近红外定量分析鲜烟叶中质体色素的含量是完全可行的。     

咸水鱼类与淡水鱼类营养物质研究

对六种咸水鱼类和五种淡水鱼类的营养物质的含量作了比较研究。认为淡水鱼类与咸水鱼类的氨基酸和营养物质的含量相近似，总体上无显著差异。认为咸水鱼类的营养比淡水鱼类传统观点缺乏科学根据，应加以修正。     

Preparation of Cellulose Nanocrystals from Jujube Cores by Fractional Purification

Jujube cores are fiber-rich industrial waste. Dewaxing, alkali treatment, bleaching, and sulfuric acid hydrolysis were used to generate cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) from the jujube cores in this study. The morphological, structural, crystallinity, and thermal properties of the fibers were investigated using FE-SEM, TEM, AFM, FT-IR, XRD, and TGA under various processes. CNCs’ zeta (ζ) potential and water contact angle (WAC) were also investigated. The findings demonstrate that non-fibrous components were effectively removed, and the fiber particles shrunk over time because of many activities. CNCs had a rod-like shape, with a length of 205.7 ± 52.4 nm and a 20.5 aspect ratio. The crystal structure of cellulose Iβ was preserved by the CNCs, and the crystallinity was 72.36%. The temperature of the fibers’ thermal degradation lowered during the operations, although CNCs still had outstanding thermal stability (>200 °C). Aside from the CNCs, the aqueous suspension of CNCs was slightly agglomerated; thus, the zeta (ζ) potential of the CNCs’ suspension was −23.72 ± 1.7 mV, and the powder had high hydrophilicity. This research will be valuable to individuals who want to explore the possibility for CNCs made of jujube cores.     

GWLS-SVR模型的红枣树叶片叶绿素含量估算

叶绿素含量是红枣树光合作用能力、生长状况、营养状况的指示剂,不同地理位置种植的红枣树受到自然、人为等因素的影响,叶绿素含量分布有所不同,该研究实地测定了若羌县枣树叶片高光谱反射率及表征叶绿素含量的枣树叶片SPAD(soil plant analysis development)值.为了高效无损地估算红枣树叶片SPAD值...     

ICP-AES测定鲜蔬果等农作物中硅

试样经料理机打成浆体,湿-干法（700-750℃）消解完全,HCI-HF溶解后,加入适量H_3BO_3消除氟离子干扰,基体匹配后用ICP-AES测定鲜蔬果等农作物中硅。方法检出限0.48mg/L,回收率88%—120%,ICP-AES测定值与重量法测定值一致。本方法可快速、准确测定Si含量≥2.4mg/kg的农作物样品。     

基于红外光谱的鲜地黄、生地黄和熟地黄成分差异分析

运用傅里叶变换衰减全反射红外光谱(ATR-FTIR)对鲜地黄水提物、生地黄水煎液和熟地黄水煎液的整体成分进行差异分析,并运用离子色谱法对差异成分进行定量分析,研究鲜地黄与其炮制品的整体成分及变化规律。ATR-FTIR中,三种地黄在糖区有差异,其中鲜地黄糖区特征峰在1 140, 1 047和1 000 cm^-1,生地黄糖区特征峰为1 140和1 045 cm^-1,熟地黄糖区特征峰为1 142和1 029 cm^-1,且三种地黄峰形状不同。二阶导数红外光谱(SDIR)进一步发现,地黄炮制过程中糖类成分在1 200～600 cm^-1之间的特征峰变化最为显著。三种地黄提取液的特征峰位置相近,但相对峰强度不同,且随着炮制过程呈规律性变化。可以推测出在鲜地黄炮制过程中,鲜地黄中多糖发生水解,变成熟地黄中的寡糖或者单糖。应用离子色谱法对8种单糖和寡糖进行定量分析,所建立方法线性关系良好(R²≥0.999 0)。定量结果显示,葡萄糖、蜜二糖、半乳糖、甘露糖、甘露三糖、水苏糖和毛蕊花糖苷在鲜地黄、...