骏枣优良单株指标性状的主成分分析

运用主成分分析与SPSS统计软件,对山西省交城骏枣优良单株进行定量综合评价.主成分分析表明决定优良单株的基本指标为:丰产性状、VC、含糖量和可食率,其结论有一定的参考价值.     

利用BP神经网络光谱分类法研究肉品新鲜度

利用自行设计的一种光纤探头式生物表面光谱测试系统 ,对肉品进行测量。建立用于肉品新鲜度的自动分类和识别的 BP神经网络 ,准确率达到 93.3%。试验表明 ,利用光谱分析法测量肉品的新鲜度快捷、准确 ,可用于实际肉品检测     

Hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction combined with electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry for the speciation of arsenic (III) and arsenic (V) in fresh waters and human hair extracts

A new method of hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction (HF-LPME) using ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (APDC) as extractant combined with electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) using Pd as permanent modifier has been described for the speciation of As(III) and As(V). In a pH range of 3.0-4.0, the complex of As(III)-APDC complex can be extracted using toluene as the extraction solvent leaving As(V) in the aqueous layer. The post extraction organic phase was directly injected into ETAAS for the determination of As(III). To determine total arsenic in the samples, first As(V) was reduced to As(III) by l-cysteine, and then a microextraction method was performed prior to the determination of total arsenic. As(V) assay was based on subtracting As(III) form the total arsenic. All parameters, such as pH of solution, type of organic solvent, the amount of APDC, stirring rate and extraction time, affecting the separation of As(III) from As(V) and the extraction efficiency of As(III) were investigated, and the optimized extraction conditions were established. Under optimized conditions, a detection limit of 0.12 ng mL⁻¹ with enrichment factor of 78 was achieved. The relative standard deviation (R.S.D.) of the method for five replicate determinations of 5 ng mL⁻¹ As(III) was 8%. The developed method was applied to the speciation of As(III) and As(V) in fresh water and human hair extracts, and the recoveries for the spiked samples are 86-109%. In order to validate the developed method, three certified reference materials such as GBW07601 human hair, BW3209 and BW3210 environmental water were analyzed, and the results obtained were in good agreement with the certified values provided.     

Combination of ultrasound-peracetic acid washing and ultrasound-assisted aerosolized ascorbic acid: A novel rinsing-free disinfection method that improves the antibacterial and antioxidant activities in cherry tomato

Traditional ultrasound (US)-assisted disinfection is only effective during washing. Coating is an effective method to control microbial growth after washing; however, cross-contamination can occur during immersion in the coating aqueous solution. Tap water (TW) rinsing is generally used to remove sanitizer residues after US-assisted washing; however, the Food and Drug Administration stated that rinsing is unnecessary when the peracetic acid (PAA) concentration does not exceed 80 ppm. In this study, we proposed a novel US-assisted hurdle technology of 80 ppm PAA combined with low-frequency US (25 kHz) during washing, followed by US-assisted aerosolization processing (nonimmersion coating). Ascorbic acid (AA), a safe and low-cost agent, was selected as the aerosolization solution. Cherry tomatoes were selected as the model, and the proposed method was compared with traditional US-assisted disinfection methods (US-10 ppm free chlorine washing + TW rinsing and US-5 ppm chlorine dioxide washing + TW rinsing) to analyze the disinfection efficacy and quality changes. During storage, US-PAA + 1%AA facilitated additional 0.7–0.9, 0.6–0.8, 0.7–1.0, and 0.5–1.0 log CFU/g reductions in the counts of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella Typhimurium, aerobic mesophilic counts, and molds and yeasts, respectively, as compared with traditional US-assisted methods. Sensory properties, color index, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, and weight loss were not negatively affected by any of the treatments. Firmness was slightly reduced after all treatments; however, the firmness of the samples was maintained during storage, in contrast with the decreased firmness observed in the control. Phenolic content and antioxidant activity significantly increased after all treatments. Further analysis of two key enzymes (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and 4-coumarate-CoA ligase) involved in phenolic synthesis showed that their levels significantly increased following all treatments, leading to an increase in phenolic content and antioxidant activity. This result also indicated that US-assisted washing could act as an abiotic elicitor to increase nutritional content. Overall, US-PAA + 1%AA treatment served as an effective method for disinfecting produce during washing and for controlling microbial growth after washing without prolonging the processing time, which is an advantage over traditional US-assisted washing.     

基于高光谱成像的生鲜猪肉细菌总数预测建模方法研究

生鲜猪肉中细菌总数(TVC)超标会直接危害大众,为此研究验证高光谱成像技术结合相应的建模方法预测生鲜猪肉中TVC的可行性。针对非线性、小样本问题, 以及光谱维和空间维的大数据量问题,在综合比较偏最小二乘回归(PLSR)、人工神经网络(ANNs)和最小二乘支持向量机(LS-SVM)3种建模方法的基础上,最终选取了LS-SVM方法组建模型。3种建模方法综合比较的结果表明,LS-SVM同时兼顾了训练精度和泛化能力两方面的性能,使其都能做到最优,与标准平板菌落计数法所检测TVC的决定系数分别为0.987 2和0.942 6,校正均方根误差和预测标准均方根误差分别为0.207 1和0.217 6,其建模性能优于其他方法。研究结果表明,高光谱成像技术结合LS-SVM预测建模方法可作为快速、非破坏预测生鲜猪肉TVC的有效手段。     

鲜牛奶变质过程的激光诱导荧光光谱研究

本文用激光诱导荧光（LIF）方法对鲜牛奶和酸牛奶变质过程进行了荧光光谱研究,介绍了所用测试系统的组成及测试方法,给出了变质过程荧光谱,并对测试结果进行了分析,研究表明,变质过程与荧光光谱之间存在密切联系。     

基于可见-近红外光谱技术预测茶鲜叶全氮含量

为快速无损监测茶树氮素营养及其生长状况,基于可见-近红外光谱技术建立了茶鲜叶全氮含量的预测模型。以茶鲜叶为对象,田间试验使用便携式光谱仪采集叶片漫反射光谱信息,通过不同预处理和统计分析,建立茶鲜叶全氮含量预测的光谱模型。试验共采集111个样品,其中86个样品作校正集,25个样品作预测集。通过一阶导数与滑动平均滤波相结合的预处理方法,用7个主成分建立的偏最小二乘模型最好,其校正集均方根误差(RMSEC)为0.097 3,预测集的相关系数为0.888 1,预测均方根误差(RMSEP)为0.130 4,预测的平均相对误差为4.339%。研究结果表明,利用可见-近红外光谱技术可以很好地预测茶鲜叶全氮含量,对于快速实时监测茶树长势和施肥管理具有重要指导意义。     

Supercritical fluid extraction as a preparative tool for strawberry aroma analysis

To improve the aroma characterization of various strawberry cultivars, we tested supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) to determine its suitability for the extraction of aroma compounds from fresh fruit, comparing SFE results with traditional solvent extraction with dichloromethane. Using SFE it was possible to recover the majority of the aroma compounds which can be also found in the solvent extract; patterns related to variety and degree of maturation were preserved. Our results showed, however, that SFE is more selective and was able to recover the ‘character impact’ compound of wild strawberry. Our findings from the odor analysis of furaneol standard emphasize the importance of using a more selective extraction procedure, and always combining instrumental detection with sensory analysis.     

湛江市鲜瘦猪肉营养价值的比较研究

首次报道湛江市鲜瘦猪肉的水分含量、干重及无机金属元素含量。与全国代表值比较实验测得水分含量高４．７１％，干重均值低４．７１％，两者经统计学处理均呈现极显著性差异，人体重要的无机金属营养元素Ｚｎ、Ｃｕ、Ｆｅ、Ｃａ、Ｍｇ、Ｎａ、Ｋ均呈现极显著性的降低，上述结果提示，湛江市现市售鲜瘦猪肉的营养价值已显著下降。     

Optimization of a capillary zone electrophoresis–contactless conductivity detection method for the determination of nisin

Determination of natural preservatives using electrophoretic or chromatographic techniques in fermented milk products is a complex task due to the following reasons: (i) the concentrations of the analytes can be below the detection limits, (ii) complex matrix and comigrating/coeluting compounds in the sample can interfere with the analytes of the interest, (iii) low recovery of the analytes, and (iv) the necessity of complex sample preparation. The aim of this study was to apply capillary zone electrophoresis coupled with contactless conductivity detection for the separation and determination of nisin in fermented milk products. In this work, separation and determination of natural preservative–nisin in fermented milk products is described. Optimized conditions using capillary zone electrophoresis coupled with capacitance‐to‐digital technology based contactless conductivity detector and data conditioning, which filter the noise of the electropherogram adaptively to the peak migration time, allowed precise, accurate, sensitive (limit of quantification: 0.02 μg/mL), and most importantly requiring very minute sample preparation, determination of nisin. Sample preparation includes following steps: (i) extraction/dilution and (ii) centrifugation. This method was applied for the determination of nisin in real samples, i.e. fermented milk products. The values of different nisin forms were ranging from 0.056 ± 0.003 μg/mL to 9.307 ± 0.437 μg/g.