Plasma surface modification of chitosan membranes: characterization and preliminary cell response studies

Surface modification of biomaterials is a way to tailor cell responses whilst retaining the bulk properties. In this work, chitosan membranes were prepared by solvent casting and treated with nitrogen or argon plasma at 20 W for 10-40 min. AFM indicated an increase in the surface roughness as a result of the ongoing etching process. XPS and contact angle measurements showed different surface elemental compositions and higher surface free energy. The MTS test and direct contact assays with an L929 fibroblast cell line indicated that the plasma treatment improved the cell adhesion and proliferation. Overall, the results demonstrated that such plasma treatments could significantly improve the biocompatibility of chitosan membranes and thus improve their potential in wound dressings and tissue engineering applications.     

Frequency modules and nonexistence of quasi-periodic solutions of nonlinear evolution equations

This paper gives lower estimates for the frequency modules of almost periodic solutions to equations of the form , where A generates a strongly continuous semigroup in a Banach space , F(t,x) is 2π-periodic in t and continuous in (t,x), and f is almost periodic. We show that the frequency module ℳ(u) of any almost periodic mild solution u of (*) and the frequency module ℳ(f) of f satisfy the estimate e ^{2π iℳ(f)}⊂e ^{2π iℳ(u)}. If F is independent of t, then the estimate can be improved: ℳ(f)⊂ℳ(u). Applications to the nonexistence of quasi-periodic solutions are also given.     

Hydration of ionic species studied by the reference interaction site model with a repulsive bridge correction

We have tested the reference interaction site model (RISM) for the case of the hypernetted chain (HNC) and the partially linearized hypernetted chain (PLHNC) closures improved by a repulsive bridge correction (RBC) for ionic hydrated species. We have analyzed the efficiency of the RISM/HNC+RBC and RISM/PLHNC+RBC techniques for decomposition of the electrostatic and the nonpolar hydration energies on the energetic and the enthalpic parts for polyatomic ions when the repulsive bridge correction is treated as a thermodynamic perturbation, and investigate the repulsive bridge effect on the electrostatic potential induced by solvent on solute atoms. For a number of univalent and bivalent atomic ions, molecular cations, and anions, the method provides hydration energies deviating only by several percents from the experimental data. In most cases, the enthalpic contributions to the free energies are also close to the experimental results. The above models are able to satisfactory predict the hydration energies as well as the electrostatic potential around the ionic species. For univalent atomic ions, they also provide qualitative estimates of the Samoilov activation energies.     

利用荧光响应的台式生化需氧量传感仪器的研制

利用氧荧光猝灭原理研制了台式生化需氧量(BOD)传感检测仪器。仪器的工作系统由检测系统和软件系统两部分组成。该检测仪操作简便,检测快速,可进行海水BOD含量的现场检测。仪器的性能考察结果表明,在0.5~50mg/L浓度范围内BOD响应的线性相关系数为0.9978。实际海水样品的检测结果显示,仪器对海水样品的平行测定结果相对标准偏差小于±5%,并且与标准五日生化需氧量(BOD5)方法所获得的数值的相关性为0.99。仪器具有较长的使用寿命和良好的稳定性。     

添加硼砂助熔剂煤灰熔融性的量子化学与实验研究

将硼砂按不同比例分别掺入四种高灰熔点煤灰中,对混合灰样熔融特性进行实验研究。 采用密度泛函理论对熔融过程中作为反应物的莫来石反应活性进行计算。莫来石属于正交晶系Pbam空间群。计算结果表明,莫来石很容易与电子接受体结合,不容易与电子给予体结合。当莫来石与电子给予体结合时,Si原子的活性高于Al。因此,向莫来石中加入助熔剂硼砂时,硼砂中的Na＋作为电子接受体,非常容易进入莫来石的晶格中,促使莫来石转变为霞石,降低了灰熔融温度。在还原性气氛下,煤灰熔融特性实验证实了理论计算结果。     

铝锡合金制氢技术研究

采用机械球磨法制备了铝锡系列合金. 水解制氢曲线和XRD结果表明, 添加剂(锌和氢化物)的加入和球磨时间的延长, 有利于金属铝和金属锡的均匀混合和活性一致. 常温下该系列合金与水反应迅速, 氢气产量高. 尤其是球磨10 h的Al-10%Sn-5%Zn-5%MgH2(质量分数)合金, 在10 min内水解反应结束, 氢气产量为785 mL/g, 水解速率为78.5 mL/(min·g).     

Kinetic analysis of nonisothermal solid-state reactions: determination of the kinetic parameters by means of a nonlinear regression method

A nonlinear regression method has been proposed for a simultaneous calculation of the activation energy, frequency factor, and reaction order from a single TG curve. This method was based on the new temperature integral approximation proposed in this paper and the Levenberg–Marquardt method. The newly proposed nonlinear regression method was applied for determining the kinetic parameters from two simulated TG curves. The results of the calculations were compared with values obtained by the traditional method. It can be concluded from this comparison that the new nonlinear regression method is more accurate than the traditional method for the determination of the kinetic parameters of solid-state heterogeneous reactions.     

Optimization of methane conversion to liquid fuels over W-Cu/ZSM-5 catalysts by response surface methodology

The conversion of methane to liquid fuels is still in the development process. The modified HZSM-5 by loading with Tungsten （W） enhanced its heat resistant performance, and the high reaction temperature （800℃） did not lead to the loss of W component by sublimation. The loading of ZSM-5 with Tungsten and Copper （Cu） resulted in an increment in the methane conversion, CO2, and C5＋ selectivities. The high methane conversion and C5＋ selectivity, and low H2O selectivity are obtained by using W/3.0Cu/ZSM-5. The optimization of methane conversion over 3.0 W/3.0Cu/ZSM-5 under different temperature and oxygen concentration using response surface methodology （RSM） are studied. The optimum point for methane conversion is 19% when temperature is 753 ℃, and oxygen concentration is 12%. The highest C5＋ selectivity is 27% when temperature is 751 ℃. and oxwen concentration is 11%.     

Surface Characterization and the Gas Response of a Mixed,Fe2O3?Fe2(MoO4)3, Oxide to Low Concentrations of H2S in Air

The preparation and H₂S sensing potential of thick‐films of a mixed oxide, Fe₂O₃? Fe₂(MoO₄)₃, were investigated. A Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) study confirmed the existence of sulfur species at the surface after the interaction of H₂S gas with the mixed oxide. The starting material, β‐FeMoO₄, was synthesized by a solvothermal method, followed by supercritical drying. Heat treatment of this material (oxidation) above 500 °C resulted in the formation of Fe₂O₃? Fe₂(MoO₄)₃ mixed oxide, where Fe₂O₃ was a by‐product. An increase in the conductivity of the films in the presence of H₂S gas (concentration range 1–20 ppm in air) was observed with the simultaneous formation of water and sulfide ions at 225 °C. An improvement of the H₂S sensing potential is obtained, using an intermediate short heat treatment at higher temperature (500 °C) in the beginning of recovery (desorption) phase. This intermediate high temperature, used before every expected exposure to H₂S gas, may contribute the formation of an initial surface coverage of O^2?.