基于变量优选和快速独立成分分析的黄花梨可溶性固形物可见/近红外光谱检测

为建立预测能力高、稳定性强的可见/近红外漫透射光谱无损检测黄花梨可溶性固形物(SSC)数学模型,对比各种预处理方法、变量优选方法、快速独立主成分分析(FICA)以及最小二乘支持向量机(LS-SVM)对黄花梨SSC模型的影响,得出最佳的组合方法用于建立黄花梨可溶性固形物(SSC)预测模型。采用Quality Spec型光谱仪采集550~950 nm波段范围内的黄花梨漫透射光谱并采用遗传算法、连续投影算法和CARS(competitive adaptive reweighted sampling)三种方法筛选黄花梨可溶性固形物的光谱特征变量,再结合FICA提取光谱主成分,最后采用LS-SVM建立黄花梨的SSC预测模型。结果显示,采用CARS筛选的21个变量,经FICA挑选出12个主成分数,联合LS-SVM所建立的CARS-FICA-LS-SVM黄花梨SSC预测模型性能最佳,建模集和预测集的决定系数及均方根误差分别为0.974,0.116%和0.918,0.158%,同直接采用PLS方法建模相比,变量数从401个下降到21,主成分数由14下降到12,建模集和预测集决定系数分别上升了0.023,0.019,而建模和预测均方根误差分别下降了0.042%和0.010%。CARS-FICA-LS-SVM建立黄花梨SSC预测模型能够有效地简化预测模型并提高预测模型精度。     

Infrared Spectroscopy and Morphological Assessments on the Nutritional Value of Prickly Pear Fruit

The prickly pear fruit helps in combating viral based infections. It is used to treat diabetes and declared to possess hypoglycemic effects. There is also record of the usage of the fruit in the olden days as a remedy for diabetes, lipid disorders, inflammation, ulcers, and pharmacologic side effects. The chemical composition and nutritional values of skin, flesh and seed of prickly pear fruit were investigated and discussed on a dry weight situation. The infrared spectra as well as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques were used to identify the functional groups of carbohydrates, amino acids, and protein. The infrared spectral data of all three (skin, flesh, and seeds) species were recorded and assigned to the presence of distinguish peaks that referred to the three different sugars (glucose, fructose and saccharose) and cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbons moieties. On the other hand, the SEM is a powerful tool to investigate the morphological features of the components. SEM assays were examined on the surfaces of skin, flesh and seed branches showing a small particle that tends to form clusters with different shapes compared to each other. The Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) is an analytical technique used for the elemental analysis or chemical characterization of a sample. The EDX spectral technique of the skin, flesh and seeds were confirmed the presence of different essential and useful elements such as carbon, oxygen, magnesium, calcium, potassium, sulfur, aluminum, silicon, chloride, and phosphorus.     

SFC-UV determination of diflubenzuron residues,teflubenzuron and triflumuron in apple and pear pulps for baby food

Summary A method to determine residues of diflubenzuron (DFB), teflubenzuron (TFB), triflumuron (TFM) at 0.01 ppm with recoveries above 60% in apple and pear pulps for baby food is described. DFB, TFB and TFM are extracted with methanol, and cleaned up by SPE using C18 stationary phase and methanol mobile phase. Analysis of the three pesticides is by SFC-UV at 254 nm using a Diol column, and CO₂ at 30 MPa and 40°C modified with acetonitrile (10%) mobile phase.     

Phenolic Compounds’ Occurrence in Opuntia Species and Their Role in the Inflammatory Process: A Review

Within the Cactaceae family, Opuntia comprises the most widespread species, with a recognized importance in human life, including feeding, domestic use as home natural barriers, and as a traditional remedy for diverse diseases and conditions such asthma, edema, and burns. Indeed, scientific reports have stated that these health benefits may be due to various active compounds, particularly polyphenols, which are ubiquitously found in plants and have proven their pharmacological efficiency by displaying antimicrobial, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory activities, among others. Opuntia species contain different classes of phenolic compounds that are recognized for their anti-inflammatory potential. Among them, quercetin, isorhamnetin, and kaempferol derivates were reported to greatly contribute to modulate cells’ infiltration and secretion of soluble inflammatory mediators, with key implications in the inflammatory process. In this review, we make a summary of the different classes of phenolic compounds reported in Opuntia species so far and explore their implications in the inflammatory process, reported by in vitro and in vivo bioassays, supporting the use of cactus in folk medicine and valorizing them from the socio-economic point of view.