Photochemically Produced Superhydrophobic Silane@polystyrene-Coated Polypropylene Fibrous Network for Oil/Water Separation

Cost-effective separation of oil and immiscible organic contaminants from water has become an urgent challenge to protect aquatic and human life from devastating effects. Therefore, it has become imperative to develop super-selective materials for efficiently separating oil from water. In this work, a superhydrophobic surface has been formed that consists of a silane@polystyrene-coated polypropylene fibrous network (silane@PS-PPF) for efficient separation of accidentally spilled oil from water. The superhydrophobic PPFs were designed by a simple, cost-effective two-step process that includes photochemically controlled polymerization of styrene and subsequent dip coating in octadecyltrichlorosilane solution. The hydrophobic surface (CA=129°±4°) of the PS coated PPF after treating with silane was turned into a superhydrophobic body (CA=161°±2°). The achieved silane@PS-PPF fibrous network selectively allowed the fast permeation of the oils and non-polar organic liquids by altogether rejecting water during operation. The separation efficiency for various oils from the contaminated water was 96 to 99%, with a high flux in the range of 7606±312 L m⁻²h⁻¹ to 9870±151 L m⁻²h⁻¹. Apart from being used as a filter, the silane@PS-PPF was also used as an oil absorber and has shown an absorption capacity in the range of 1185 to 1535% for various oils. We anticipate that the developed silane@PS-PPF, due to its facile synthetic route, cost-effectiveness, and high performance, can be effectively used in oily wastewater treatment and clean-up of large oil spills from water.     

加强实验教学环境内涵建设 提高环境育人质量

在实验室里的实验教学过程涉及到教书育人、管理育人、服务育人和环境育人。一个良好的实验环境不仅能够对学生起到潜移默化的教育作用,而且对教书育人、管理育人和服务育人工作的开展和实施也能起到推动和促进作用。本文主要介绍厦门大学化学国家级实验教学示范中心"以学生为中心",在强化实验教学环境内涵建设、提高实验环境育人质量方面的一些做法和体会,以期更好地为实验教学"思政"提供可复制、可推广的建设方案。     

热解火焰法合成碳纳米管:催化剂与合成环境的影响

以CO为碳源,通过氧炔焰形成热解火焰合成了碳纳米管.为了详细研究催化剂与合成环境对合成产物的影响,实验分别应用不同催化剂在不同合成环境中进行取样分析.结果表明:催化剂颗粒尺寸直接决定合成产物的种类,不同产物对合成温度也有不同要求,过高温火焰环境会遏制碳纳米管的合成.最终得出,Fe/Mo/Al2O3载体催化剂适合在热解腔内部830℃无氧的环境下催化合成小直径的单壁、双壁和三壁碳纳米管,而由Fe(CO)5热解-附着-聚合产生的Fe催化剂颗粒适合在600℃的V型体火焰中催化合成大直径多壁碳纳米管.     

聚酰亚胺复合材料的摩擦性能及其机理研究

研究了含有固体润滑剂的炭纤维增强 PI复合材料在干摩擦和水润滑 2种状态下的摩擦磨损性能及其磨损机理 .结果表明 ,在水润滑条件下 ,摩擦系数和磨损率都有不同程度的降低 ,其中含 PTFE的炭纤维增强 PI复合材料的耐磨性最佳 ,最低磨损率为 9.9× 10 - 7mm3/ N· m.其主要原因可能与材料存在极性酰胺基团有关 ,酰胺基易通过氢键与水分子结合 ,在摩擦表面形成水吸附膜 ,使摩擦表面直接接触减少 ,从而改善材料的摩擦磨损性能     

城市大气环境的大涡模拟研究进展

本文回顾城市大气污染扩散的研究实践与进展, 介绍城市大气环境流动的特点和用现代计算流体力学手段开展城市大气环境的大涡模拟研究方法, 包括: 数学模型, 控制方程、亚网格湍流模式、定解条件及其数值方法. 其中, 重点介绍中尺度到微尺度的耦合模型与适用于复杂城市下垫面(满足大涡模拟分辨率要求且计算量较小)的组合模型;并给出实际算例和结果分析, 包括准确度的统计估算和湍流特性等. 最后, 讨论城市大气环境数值模拟方法进一步改进的方向和城市大气环境流动与污染物扩散数值研究应重点关注的几个问题.     

高超声速飞行器气动热关联换算方法研究

气动热风洞实验是地面研究和预测飞行器气动热环境的重要手段之一, 但由于风洞实验模拟能力的限制, 风洞实验的流场参数和模型的几何尺度都会与实际飞行情况存在一定的差别, 导致地面风洞实验中得到的模型表面气动加热率数据无法直接用于飞行条件下的热环境预测和热防护设计. 以往通过针对具体飞行器的试验结果进行数据拟合后外插的气动热关联换算方法指向性较强, 没有考虑到气动热的具体影响参数, 存在一定局限性, 难以外推应用于其他外形的飞行器. 为解决通过气动热风洞实验数据外推预测飞行条件下气动热的技术难题, 基于无量纲NS方程和边界层理论分析研究了影响气动热的主要参数, 并通过推导化简边界层近似解热流公式, 针对层流流态建立了气动热关联换算方法, 可以考虑当地边界层外缘参数的影响, 具有一定通用性. 在此基础上, 利用建立的方法将Reentry-F飞行器缩比模型的风洞实验数据换算到该飞行器飞行条件下的典型工况, 并与飞行测量结果进行了比较, 外推预测结果与飞行测量结果符合较好, 表明建立的关联方法可以用于气动热风洞实验数据的外推换算.      

Fixed points of smoothing transformation in random environment

At each time n\in \mathbb{N},\mathrm{l}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{t}{\overline{Y}}^{(n)}(\xi )=(y_1^{(n)}(\xi ),y_2^{(n)}(\xi ),\cdots ) be a random sequence of non-negative numbers that are ultimately zero in a random environment\xi \text{=}（{\xi }_n{）}_{n\in \mathbb{N}}. The existence and uniqueness of the nonnegative fixed points of the associated smoothing transformation in random environment are considered. These fixed points are solutions to the distributional equation for a.e.\xi ,Z(\xi )\stackrel{\text{d}}{=}{\sum }_{i\in \mathbb{N}+}{y}_i^{(\mathrm{0})}(\xi )Z_i^{(\mathrm{1})}(\xi ),where ｛Z_i^{(\mathrm{1})}:i\in {\mathbb{N}}_{+}｝ are random variables in random environment which satisfy that for any environment\xi; under P_{\xi }; ｛Z_i^{(\mathrm{1})}:i\in {\mathbb{N}}_{+}｝are independent of each other and {\bar{Y}}^{(\mathrm{0})}(\xi ), and have the same conditional distribution P_{\xi }(Z_i^{(1)}(\xi )\in \cdot )=P_{T\xi }(Z(T\xi )\in \cdot ) where T is the shift operator. This extends the classical results of J. D. Biggins [J. Appl. Probab., 1977, 14: 25-37] to the random environment case. As an application, the martingale convergence of the branching random walk in random environment is given as well.     

环保节水型冷却塔的研究

综合湿式冷却塔有热交换效率高且造价低而空气冷却器无水蒸发等特点,提出了环保节水型冷却塔.对该新型塔进行了理论分析,对塔内换热、气动力性能等进行了数值计算,对塔内空气换热器和填料层间的冷却负荷以及与风机性能等进行了耦合匹配,结合北方气候条件的计算分析表明新型塔确有良好的节水和环保效果.     

2D laminated cylinder-like BiFeO3 composites: Hydrothermal preparation,formation mechanism,and photocatalytic properties

BiFeO₃ perovskite with 2D laminated cylinder-like structure was prepared via a facile one-pot hydrothermal method, whose morphologies and optical properties was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersion spectrum (EDS), and UV-Visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS). The photocatalytic properties of the as-prepared BiFeO₃ composites were evaluated according to degrading Rhodamine B (RhB) and desulfurization under visible light irradiation, with excellent photocatalytic degradation and desulfurization activity found. Moreover, the mechanism study of active free radicals in photocatalytic activity indicates that the h⁺ radical in holes was mainly responsible for synergistic catalytic efficacy in photocatalytic degradation.