全文获取类型
收费全文 | 14113篇 |
免费 | 1211篇 |
国内免费 | 803篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 8849篇 |
晶体学 | 533篇 |
力学 | 613篇 |
综合类 | 34篇 |
数学 | 103篇 |
物理学 | 5995篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 22篇 |
2023年 | 118篇 |
2022年 | 272篇 |
2021年 | 328篇 |
2020年 | 392篇 |
2019年 | 301篇 |
2018年 | 267篇 |
2017年 | 281篇 |
2016年 | 490篇 |
2015年 | 314篇 |
2014年 | 445篇 |
2013年 | 1038篇 |
2012年 | 840篇 |
2011年 | 823篇 |
2010年 | 699篇 |
2009年 | 897篇 |
2008年 | 886篇 |
2007年 | 1099篇 |
2006年 | 1008篇 |
2005年 | 774篇 |
2004年 | 724篇 |
2003年 | 574篇 |
2002年 | 458篇 |
2001年 | 352篇 |
2000年 | 329篇 |
1999年 | 290篇 |
1998年 | 280篇 |
1997年 | 216篇 |
1996年 | 272篇 |
1995年 | 238篇 |
1994年 | 227篇 |
1993年 | 188篇 |
1992年 | 141篇 |
1991年 | 114篇 |
1990年 | 94篇 |
1989年 | 57篇 |
1988年 | 57篇 |
1987年 | 29篇 |
1986年 | 42篇 |
1985年 | 42篇 |
1984年 | 38篇 |
1983年 | 12篇 |
1982年 | 15篇 |
1981年 | 14篇 |
1980年 | 5篇 |
1979年 | 6篇 |
1977年 | 4篇 |
1974年 | 3篇 |
1973年 | 3篇 |
1972年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
91.
提出了一种新结构的X波段五腔渡越管振荡器,进行了理论和实验研究。根据场分布进行了一维非线性分析,结果表明该结构可以产生高功率微波,并判断了工作模式,为TM01模的3π/5模。采用粒子模拟验证了一维非线性分析的结论,并优化设计出五腔渡越管振荡器,优化结果为:输出功率约1 GW, 工作频率9.3 GHz,束波转换效率约22%。实验中,通过参数调节,得到频率约9.25 GHz,峰值功率约780 MW,脉宽(半高宽)21 ns的输出微波,束波转换效率约为16%。实验结果与模拟结果基本符合。 相似文献
92.
O. Maksimov P. Fisher M. Skowronski P.A. Salvador M. Snyder J. Xu X. Weng 《Journal of Crystal Growth》2008,310(11):2760-2766
MgO films were grown on (0 0 1) yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) substrates by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). The crystalline structures of these films were investigated using X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Growth temperature was varied from 350 to 550 °C, with crystalline quality being improved at higher temperatures. The MgO films had a domain structure: (1 1 1)[1 1 2¯]MgO(0 0 1)[1 0 0]YSZ with four twin variants related by a 90° in-plane rotation about the [1 1 1]MgO axis. The observed epitaxial orientation was compared to previous reports of films grown by pulsed laser deposition and sputtering and explained as resulting in the lowest interface energy. 相似文献
93.
Shigeyasu Kuroda Mitsunori Oda Shengli Zuo Mayumi Kyogoku Ryuta Miyatake 《Tetrahedron letters》2004,45(43):8119-8122
A new cyclobutene-fused 1,6-methano[10]annulene was synthesized by pyrolysis of the sulfone and sulfinate adducts of 3,4-bis(methylene)-1,6-methano[10]annulene and its physical and chemical properties were disclosed. 相似文献
94.
A. Edgar G. V. M. Williams M. Secu S. Schweizer J. -M. Spaeth 《Radiation measurements》2004,38(4-6):413-416
The turbidity, photoluminescence, and photo-stimulated luminescence (PSL) of fluorozirconate glass containing barium chloride nano- and micro-crystals have been measured for samples prepared by isochronal (70 min) annealing over a temperature range of 220–283°C, and correlated with the microstructure as determined by X-ray diffraction measurements. Crystallization of hexagonal phase barium chloride commences at around 220°C, but until 275°C the material retains excellent transparency although it displays negligible PSL. Between 275°C and 277°C, the hexagonal phase converts to the orthorhombic phase, the transparency abruptly decreases, and the PSL rises to a value of around 13% of that found for the commercial storage phosphor BaFBr:Eu. For a slightly higher temperature of 280°C, new phases appear which correspond to the onset of bulk crystallization, and at 283°C the relative PSL rises to 33%, while the transparency falls further. The trade-off between optical transparency and PSL over this narrow temperature window for X-ray imaging plate applications is briefly discussed. 相似文献
95.
S. Schweizer M. Secu J. -M. Spaeth L. W. Hobbs A. Edgar G. V. M. Williams 《Radiation measurements》2004,38(4-6):633-638
We found a significant PSL effect in Eu2+-doped fluorozirconate glasses (ZBLAN) which were additionally doped with Br− or Cl− ions. The PSL is attributed to the characteristic emission of Eu2+ present in nano-crystallites of BaBr2 or BaCl2, which form in the glass upon annealing. The metastable hexagonal form of BaX2 (X=Br,Cl) is always formed first before it is converted into the stable orthorhombic form. The particle size increases upon annealing and so does the PSL efficiency of the glass ceramic. However, there is a saturation of the PSL efficiency, which is for Br− doping about 9% and for Cl−-doping about 80% of the Eu-doped BaFBr standard. The particle size was determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The TEM results show a clear tendency for bigger particles for longer annealing at the expense of its number. The particle size for the most efficient phosphor is about 100 nm. 相似文献
96.
Theoretical models for Monte Carlo simulation of radiative processes, i.e. bremsstrahlung and characteristic x-ray emission, are presented. Possible strategies for simulating electron transport are briefly described. For mechanisms involving energy loss and angular deflections, difficulties for strict implementation of accurate numerical differential cross sections still remain due to the strong correlations between these variables. Practical solutions for the case of inelastic collisions and bremsstrahlung emission are described. Comparisons of simulation results with experimental data for several problems of interest in electron probe microanalysis are presented. 相似文献
97.
For the purpose of testing the spherical uniformity based on i.i.d. directional data (unit vectors) zi, i=1,…,n, Anderson and Stephens (Biometrika 59 (1972) 613–621) proposed testing procedures based on the statistics Smax=maxu S(u) and Smin=minu S(u), where u is a unit vector and nS(u) is the sum of squares of u′zi's. In this paper, we also consider another test statistic Srange=Smax−Smin. We provide formulas for the P-values of Smax, Smin, Srange by approximating tail probabilities of the limiting null distributions by means of the tube method, an integral-geometric approach for evaluating tail probability of the maximum of a Gaussian random field. Monte Carlo simulations for examining the accuracy of the approximation and for the power comparison of the statistics are given. 相似文献
98.
利用磁控溅射的方法在氧化后的单晶Si基片上制备了TiNi形状记忆合金薄膜,利用示差扫描量热法和原位X射线衍射研究了薄膜的马氏体相变特征。通过60keV质子注入(辐照)薄膜样品研究了H+离子对合金薄膜马氏体相变特征的影响,结果表明氢离子注入后引起了马氏体相变开始Ms和结束点Mf以及逆马氏体相变开始As和结束温度Af的下降,而对R相变开始Rs和结束温度Rf影响不大。掠入射X射线衍射表明H+离子注入后有氢化物形成。H+离子注入形成的氢化物是引起相变点的变化的主要因素。 相似文献
99.
100.
Intra and intermolecular interactions of heptasulfur imide (S7NH) are investigated in terms of topological properties analyses, such analyses are applied to both experimental (multipole model) and theoretically calculated (DFT and PDFT calculations) charge densities of the isolated molecule and of the crystal. The same analyses are also applied to a multipole model density obtained from theoretically (PDFT) derived structural amplitudes. The covalent bond character of S-N, N-H and S-S bonds are well described in terms of density, ρb, and total energy density, Hb, at the bond critical point rc, though it is clear that the S-S bonds are weaker shared interactions than those of N-H and S-N bonds. Lone pair electron regions of sulfur and nitrogen atoms are revealed as the local charge concentration site from the Laplacian of charge density. The even weaker intermolecular interactions are well characterized; these include the N-H?S hydrogen bonding, N?S binding interactions and S?S binding interactions. All these intermolecular binding interactions are closed-shell interactions. The Laplacian of charge density demonstrates a directional intermolecular binding interaction. The corresponding intermolecular binding energies are derived by MP2/6-311+G(d,p) calculations. Atomic graph of each atom of the molecule is described in detail by the vertices, edges and faces of the polyhedron around the nucleus to illustrate such directional interactions. 相似文献