Guillain-Barré syndrome and anti-ganglioside antibodies: a clinician-scientist's journey

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is the most frequent cause of acute flaccid paralysis. Having seen my first GBS patient in 1989, I have since then dedicated my time in research towards understanding the pathogenesis of GBS. Along with several colleagues, we identified IgG autoantibodies against ganglioside GM1 in two patients with GBS subsequent to Campylobacter jejuni enteritis. We proceeded to demonstrate molecular mimicry between GM1 and bacterial lipo-oligosaccharide of C. jejuni isolated from a patient with GBS. Our group then established a disease model for GBS by sensitization with GM1 or GM1-like lipo-oligosaccharide. With this, a new paradigm that carbohydrate mimicry can cause autoimmune disorders was demonstrated, making GBS the first proof of molecular mimicry in autoimmune disease. Patients with Fisher syndrome, characterized by ophthalmoplegia and ataxia, can develop the disease after an infection by C. jejuni. We showed that the genetic polymorphism of C. jejuni sialyltransferase, an enzyme essential to the biosynthesis of ganglioside-like lipo-oligosaccharides determines whether patients develop GBS or Fisher syndrome. This introduces another paradigm that microbial genetic polymorphism can determine the clinical phenotype of human autoimmune diseases. Similarities between the clinical presentation of Fisher syndrome and Bickerstaff brainstem encephalitis have caused debate as to whether they are in fact the same disease. We demonstrated that IgG anti-GQ1b antibodies were common to both, suggesting that they are part of the same disease spectrum. We followed this work by clarifying the nosological relationship between the various clinical presentations within the anti-GQ1b antibody syndrome. In this review, I wanted to share my journey from being a clinician to a clinician-scientist in the hopes of inspiring younger clinicians to follow a similar path.(Communicated by Kunihiko SUZUKI, M.J.A.).     

Uncertainty Relations in Terms of Fisher Information

By virtue of the well-known concept of Fisher information in the theory of statistical inference, we obtain an inequality chain which generalizes and refines the conventional Heisenberg uncertainty relations.     

非线性随机效应模型的置信域

本文对非线性随机效应模型,建立了微分几何框架,推广了Bates＆Wates关于非线性模型几何结构．在吡基础上,我们导出了关于固定效应参数和子集参数的置信域的曲率表示,这些结果是BatesandWates(1980),Hamilton(1986)与Wei(1994)等的推广．     

An exact solution of Fisher equation and its stability

In this paper, the Fisher equation is analysed. One of its travelling wave solution is obtained by comparing it with KdV--Burgers (KdVB) equation. Its amplitude, width and speed are investigated. The instability for the higher order disturbances to the solution of the Fisher equation is also studied.     

Logarithm Versus Square Root： Comparing Quantum Fisher Information

In classical statistics, the Fisher information is unique in the sense that it is essentially the only monotone Riemannian metric on the space of probability densities. In quantum theory, this uniqueness breaks down, and there are many natural quantum analogues of the Fisher information, among which two particular versions distinguish themselves by their intuitive and informational significance： The first has its origin in the skew information introduced by Wigner and Yanase in 1963 in the context of quantum measurement, and is defined via the square root of the density operator. The second arises from Helstrom＇s study of quantum detection in 1967, and is defined via the symmetric logarithmic derivative. The aim of this paper Js to compare these two versions of quantum Fisher information, and to establish two informational inequalities relating them.     

基于Fisher判别分析的有监督特征提取和星系光谱分类

随着天文观测技术的进步、数据获取能力的提高和大型光谱巡天计划的相继实施,光谱数据的自动处理研究越来越受到重视和关注。文章在分析了文献中光谱自动分类研究的特点和无监督特征提取方法所固有的一些不足的基础上指出了光谱有监督特征提取研究的必要性。并重点研究了Fisher判别分析(FDA)有监督特征提取方法在星系光谱自动分类中的应用。该方法： (1) 具有突出的维数约减能力; (2) 能有效地融合训练数据的类别信息,并按照分类能力提取特征。实验表明,将FDA方法用于某些星系细分类不仅明显地提高了分类器的速度,而且具有良好的分类性能。因此,对于较大的光谱识别系统更能体现出该方法的优越性。     

LS解法和Fisher方程行波系统的定性分析

提出了求解非线性发展方程的新方法——LS解法.LS解法是基于(G’/G)展开法和扩展的双曲正切函数展开法.并引入了Poincar定性理论的思想,然后以Fisher方程为例进行了试验.通过定性分析首先获得了Fisher方程行波系统积分曲线的性质,然后解得了Fisher方程作为耗散系统时单调减少的波前解和作为扩张系统时单调递增的波前解.一些试验结果与Ablowitz所得结果一致.也得到了Fisher方程作为扩张系统时的新结果.LS解法是在定性理论指导下,在已获知解曲线性质的情况下进行精确求解的,求解目标明确.LS解法揭示了线性系统也可以用作辅助方程来求解非线性系统.     

高光谱成像的垃圾分类识别研究

高光谱成像因光谱分辨率高、图谱合一、可实现快速无损检测等特点现已广泛应用于农业、医学、遥感等领域。现有的对可回收生活垃圾检测与分类的方法,都存在检测时间长,分类效率低,而大量多种垃圾无法同时快速分拣等问题。考虑到不同类别的生活垃圾由于其主要组成分子结构的差异,对不同波长的光有不同的吸收特性。高光谱图像在记录待分类垃圾的空间信息的同时,可以获得垃圾对不同波长的光的反射率光谱信息,通过建立识别分类模型对反射率光谱信息进行分析可以实现对高光谱图像中待分类垃圾的识别与分类。收集常见纸质、塑料、木质三种材料的可回收的垃圾样本,包括塑料瓶、食品包装袋、塑料玩具(饰品)碎片、一次性筷子、雪糕棒、木制家具碎片、木制包装盒、废旧课本、广告纸、办公用纸等多种物品共30个样本,进行清洗和裁剪处理,避免样本表面污渍对样本反射率产生影响。利用高光谱成像系统采集样本在近红外(780～1 000 nm)范围内的高光谱图像,其中18个样本做训练样本集,12个样本做测试样本集。对采集的样本图像数据做预处理,包括去噪声以及黑白校正反演反射率信息等处理;通过主成分分析(PCA)方法对训练样本集感兴趣区域(ROI)进行分析,提取到的特征波段为795.815,836.869,885.619,916.409,929.239,934.37,957.463,972.858和988.253 nm;在特征波段下分别提取这三种类别垃圾的参考光谱,通过光谱角度填图法(SAM)对测试样本ROI区域内提取的测试样本点集在特征波段下与参考光谱进行匹配,由匹配程度进行样本点归类,分析结果表明,测试样本集中纸制样本(A类别)、塑料样本(B类别)、木制样本(C类别)的分类准确度分别为100%,98%和100%,测试样本点集整体的分类准确度为99.33%;通过Fisher判别方法分析训练样本集得出判别函数式和判别准则,对测试样本点集分类,评价结果为A,B和C类样本分类准确度分别为100%,100%和97%,测试样本点集整体分类准确度为99%。通过SAM和Fisher两种判别方法对测试样本集的光谱图像进行目标物的检测与分类,结果表明,利用SAM判别方法在可回收垃圾的高光谱图像中实现检测与分类有更高的分类准确度,可达到99.33%。同时,也验证了使用高光谱成像进行可回收垃圾快速分类的科学性以及可行性,对未来系统化、机械化、智能化地解决生活中可回收垃圾的分类具有一定的实用意义。     

Estimation of decoherence in electromechanical circuits

This letter presents a schematic circuit with capacitive coupling between the CPW Cavity Center Trace (resonated with electromagnetic mode) and the mechanical Nanoresonator mediated by Transmon, resulting in the Cross-Kerr electromechanical effect. Then we show the dynamics of quantum states, showing the generation of superposition states and bipartite entanglement of continuous variables through nonlinear quantum electrodynamics in the circuit. Finally, we calculated and estimated the parameter for mechanical outcome through phase measurements of the CPW Cavity Center Trace electromagnetic mode.     

利用Fisher函数解非线性不等式约束优化问题的梯度投影算法

本文将利用梯度投影与Fisher函数提出一个新的二阶段搜索方向,给出相应的解非线性不等式约束优化问题的梯度投影算法,并证明了该算法具有全局收敛性.