Effect of vacuum impregnation on the performance of Co/SiO_2 Fischer-Tropsch catalyst

Two silica-supported cobalt catalysts were prepared by incipient wetness impregnation under atmospheric and vacuum conditions.N2 ph- ysisorption,H2 chemisorption,XRD,SEM,TEM,XPS and H2-TPR were used to characterize the catalysts.The results showed that the impregnation methods had an effect on the size,dispersion and reducibility of cobalt particles.Under vacuum conditions,cobalt-containing steeping liquor could penetrate into the inner pores of silica support and more bivalent cobalt oxides were formed in the Co3O4 crystallites.Furthermore,cobalt precursors were rarely inclined to agglomerate and the smaller cobalt particles were uniform on the support,which led to the higher activity of the Co/SiO2(B)catalyst than the normal one under the reaction conditions of 483- 523 K,1 - 2 MPa,gas hourly space velocity of 500–1000 h-1 and molar ratio of H2/CO=0.5 - 2.0.     

Observation of the mechanisms causing two kinds of undercut during laser hybrid arc welding

Two different kinds of undercut were identified when laser hybrid welding hot rolled HSLA-steel in either the as-rolled condition or with the top surface mill scale removed. The presence of mill scale on the steel surface was found to give a sharp angled undercut combined with a sharp oxide inclusion at the edge of the weld which would have the same mechanical effect as a crack in this position. Removal of the surface oxides before welding resulted in the elimination of the oxide inclusions and a more rounded undercut geometry indicative of superior mechanical properties, particularly fatigue life. The mechanisms of the formation of both types of undercut have been analysed by high speed photography and SEM.     

金属铜纳米孔洞阵列膜制备方法研究

以多孔阳极氧化铝膜(anodic aluminum oxide，AAO)为模板，用真空蒸镀法复制了金属铜的纳米孔洞阵列膜，SEM结果表明，制备得到的金属铜纳米孔洞阵列膜形貌与AAO膜一致.此方法简单易行，能大规模生产，为纳米膜的工业化复制提供了一种新的工艺，为纳米线、纳米管等纳米阵列材料的合成与组装提供了有利的条件. 关键词： AAO模板 真空蒸镀 金属铜纳米孔洞阵列膜 纳米复制     

COIL低温真空吸附床结构的改进

 压力恢复系统是氧碘化学激光器的重要组成部分。采用低温真空吸附系统作为氧碘化学激光器的压力恢复系统,吸附床的吸附性能决定着低温真空吸附系统的压力恢复性能。通过改变液氮在传热过程中的流动状态,改善液氮与吸附床之间的热交换效率。对两种不同结构吸附床的传热系数进行了计算及实验验证,结果表明:当液氮在传热过程中的流动状态由环状流变为泡状流时,可以很好地改善液氮与吸附床的传热效率。改进后的液氮与吸附床的传热系数提高了2.2倍,提高了吸附床的吸附性能。     

单晶MgO纳米带的生长特性和发光性能

本文采用直流电弧等离子体喷射化学气相沉积法(DC Arc Plasma Jet CVD),在氢气和氩气的高温等离子体作用下直接分解硝酸镁,在Mo衬底上制备了单晶MgO纳米带,并采用SEM、TEM及XRD等测试手段进行了形貌与结构表征,研究了生长时间对MgO纳米带形貌的影响。结果表明,生长时间为0.5 min时,生长出顶部带有Mo纳米颗粒的“蝌蚪状”MgO纳米带,而整个纳米结构被较多的非晶MgO覆盖;当生长时间增加到2 min时,顶部的Mo纳米颗粒几乎脱落,同时长出若干个纳米带,形成“树枝状”;生长时间进一步增加到5 min时,形成完整的“带状”,其宽度约30～50 nm;而生长时间达到12 min时,纳米带又转变为“棒状”。机理分析表明,Mo催化VLS生长模式和VS生长模式共同作用下生长了MgO纳米带。另外,通过FTIR谱结合PL谱分析了缺陷及其引起的光致发光性能。由于MgO纳米带存在低配位氧离子(O_LC^2-)空位等结构缺陷,具有紫蓝发光特性,而随着生长时间的增加,结构缺陷变少,随之紫蓝发射峰强度变弱。本文首次采用该方法制备了单晶MgO纳米带,该方法工艺简单,生长速率快,是非常经济、有效和环境友好的方法。     

介观RLC电路在热真空态下的量子涨落

利用热场动力学的方法研究了介观RLC电路在具有热噪声的真空态下电荷和磁通(电流)的量子涨落.从而得到了有限温度下这一电路在热真空态下的量子涨落与温度的关系.结果表明,介观RLC电路的量子涨落不仅与电路中的元件参量和电路的共振频率ω有关,而且与温度T有关.温度越高,介观RLC电路的量子噪声越大 关键词： 介观RLC电路 热真空态 量子涨落     

Evaluation of piezoelectric PVDF polymers for use in space environments. II. Effects of atomic oxygen and vacuum UV exposure

The effects of atomic oxygen (AO) and vacuum UV radiation simulating low Earth orbit conditions on two commercially available piezoelectric polymer films, poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and poly(vinylidene fluoride‐trifluoroethylene) P(VDF‐TrFE), have been studied. Surface erosion and pattern development are significant for both polymers. Erosion yields were determined as 2.8 × 10^?24 cm³/atom for PVDF and 2.5 × 10^?24 cm³/atom for P(VDF‐TrFE). The piezoelectric properties of the residual material of both polymers were largely unchanged after exposure, although a slight shift in the Curie transition of the P(VDF‐TrFE) was observed. A lightly cross‐linked network was formed in the copolymer presumably because of penetrating vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) radiation, while the homopolymer remained uncross‐linked. These differences were attributed to varying degrees of crystallinity and potentially greater absorption, and hence damage, of VUV radiation in P(VDF‐TrFE) compared with PVDF. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 2503–2513, 2005     

Expectation values of scaling fields in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Z</Emphasis><Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis></Subscript> Ising models

We compute exact vacuum expectation values of physically relevant scaling fields in the perturbed Z_N parafermionic models. Our algebraic method is based on analyzing vertex operators in the corresponding off-critical lattice model. The results coincide with the expressions derived by perturbed conformal field theory methods. __________ Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Matematicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 154, No. 3, pp. 557–583, March, 2008     

The surface modified composite layer formation with boron carbide particles on magnesium alloy surfaces through pulse gas tungsten arc treatment

A novel fabrication process of surface modified composite layer by pulse current gas tungsten arc (GTA) surface modification process was used to deposit B₄C particles on the surface of magnesium alloy AZ31. This method is an effective technique in producing a high performance surface modified composite layer. During the pulse current GTA surface modification process, considerable convection can exist in the molten pool due to various driving forces and the pulse current could cause violent stirring in the molten pool, and the large temperature gradient across the boundary between the GTA modified surface and matrix metal resulted in rapid resolidification with high cooling rates in the molten pool, so that the process result notable grain refinement in the GTA surface modified composite layer. The hardness and wear resistance of the GTA surface modified composite layer are superior to that of as-received magnesium alloy AZ31. The hardness values and wear resistance of GTA surface modified composite layer depend on the GTA process parameters and the B₄C particles powder concentration and distribution. The optimum processing parameters for the formation of a homogeneous crack/defect-free and grain refinement microstructure were established.