Enhanced field emission properties of screen-printed doubled-walled carbon nanotubes by polydimethylsiloxane elastomer

Field emission (FE) properties of double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs) treated by polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) elastomer with different heating temperature have been systematically studied. The current density of treated DWCNT films decreases with the increase of heating temperature. The screen-printed DWCNTs treated by PDMS elastomer with drying temperature 150 °C for 20 min have the best FE performance with a marvelous field enhancement factor (β = 20194). The optimized FE performance is attributed to the morphological change of DWCNT films after PDMS elastomer treatment and the change of separation energy for the CNT-substrate interface. It is proved that the PDMS treatment is a facile and effective method for field emission display (FED) application, especially for low-temperature FED preparation.     

Fabrication of a three-dimensional complex carbon nanoneedle from carbon nanowalls

A three-dimensional complex carbon nanoneedle has been fabricated from carbon nanowalls by a direct current plasma chemical vapor deposition system. Sample grown on stainless wire substrate pretreated with the mixing powders of diamond and molybdenum exhibits novel three-dimensional complex nanostructure, the center of which is a carbon nanoneedle, and many carbon nanowalls growing from the needle. The density of unique nanostructure emitters was about 5 × 10⁷/cm². The I-V characteristic addressed an emission current density of 314 mA/cm² at the electric field of 2.5 V/μm.     

Unified Field Theory From Enlarged Transformation Group. The Covariant Derivative for Conservative Coordinate Transformations and Local Frame Transformations

Pandres has developed a theory in which the geometrical structure of a real four-dimensional space-time is expressed by a real orthonormal tetrad, and the group of diffeomorphisms is replaced by a larger group called the conservation group. This paper extends the geometrical foundation for Pandres’ theory by developing an appropriate covariant derivative which is covariant under all local Lorentz (frame) transformations, including complex Lorentz transformations, as well as conservative transformations. After defining this extended covariant derivative, an appropriate Lagrangian and its resulting field equations are derived. As in Pandres’ theory, these field equations result in a stress-energy tensor that has terms which may automatically represent the electroweak field. Finally, the theory is extended to include 2-spinors and 4-spinors.     

DNA-based tunable THz oscillator

The intrinsic helix conformation of the DNA strands is known to be the key ingredient of control of the electric current through the molecule by the perpendicular (gate) electric field. We show theoretically that Bloch oscillations in periodic systems with helical conformation are also strongly affected by such lateral field; the oscillation frequency splits into a manifold of several generally non-commensurate frequencies leading to a complicated pattern of the charge motion. For model parameters typical for the DNA the frequency of such oscillations falls in the THz domain, suggesting a possibility to design a DNA-based nano-scale source of THz radiation.     

管间距对翅片管换热器热力性能的影响

分析了翅片管换热器传热及流动阻力性能的影响因素;叙述了场协同理论的基本机理,并与等流速排列方式联系起来加以分析讨论;概述了翅片管换热器研究中管间距对传热及流动阻力影响的国内外研究现状;讨论了不同翅片及基管类型结构尺寸下管间距对换热器传热及流动阻力影响的规律。在此基础上,对管束排列的研究前景进行了展望。     

半导体冷藏箱热端风冷散热器CFD辅助设计和实验研究

在保证半导体冷藏箱热端散热的情况下,将热端水冷改为风冷以简化制冷系统。运用CFD软件进行辅助设计,并对换热过程进行场协同分析,得到肋间距为2mm,肋厚为0.6mm,顶部送风方式下散热器性能达到最优化。将设计的散热器用于试验,试验结果与模拟设计结果最大相差10.7%。试验结果证明了运用CFD辅助设计的风冷式半导体热端散热器的可靠性。研究结果有助于半导体热端风冷散热器的热设计和提高其散热性能。     

直接调制半导体激光器的脉冲驱动电路研究

研制了一种应用于直接调制半导体激光器的脉冲驱动电路.根据直接数字频率合成原理,利用现场可编程逻辑阵列产生频率可调方波去触发雪崩晶体管,以及雪崩晶体管的雪崩效应产生频率可调脉宽固定在3 ns的主体脉冲.该脉冲经过衰减器衰减得到合时的脉冲幅度.输出脉冲最高频率可到100 kHz,其输出电压幅度为9 V.     

基于FPGA的近红外实时透雾成像方法

针对雾天图像的退化现象,提出采用近红外波段成像和视频图像处理技术相结合的透雾成像方法。根据视频图像相邻两场直方图相似性特点,提出了改进的直方图均衡化算法处理雾天降质图像。改进算法简化系统结构,降低逻辑设计复杂度,节约了高速存储器部分硬件资源。算法经过MATLAB仿真验证,并在FPGA视频图像处理平台上硬件实现。实验证明改进算法增强雾天图像的同时满足标准视频图像处理25帧/秒的实时性要求,结合近红外波段透雾能力使雾天能见距离提高1.5倍以上。     

A statistical assessment of ambient electromagnetic field using body-worn multiaxial sensors

The electromagnetic field exposure of the population due to wireless communications originates from both down-link and up-link emissions. Although the main contribution comes generally from the latter (e.g., higher by three to five orders of magnitude for the 2G), the former must be considered as well, because they are continual, and as contributions can be competitive for some cases (e.g., in femtocells). Sensor and exposimeter networks (NW) can be deployed by the operators themselves (to enrich feedback information from their own NW) or by independent external stakeholders such as regulatory agencies or local authorities. When sensors are directly worn by a user, body proximity effects – notably the masking effect – can introduce significant errors in the ambient field measurement. A methodology of the statistical assessment of this harmful effect is proposed in this article. It is mainly based on electromagnetic simulations (and partly on measurements) of a triaxial sensor – composed of three orthogonal wideband probes devoted to the evaluation of the field components – placed at different positions of a set of whole body phantoms. The main original contribution of the proposed approach is that both the isolated sensor calibration procedure and the assessment of the measurement errors are based on statistical analyses accounting for the propagation environment. The quantitative results are obtained using statistical channel models for polarimetric and non-polarimetric measurements in various propagation scenarios. Some quantitative results examples are presented. Eventually, preliminary corrections schemes are proposed.     

Designing variable height carbon nanotube bundle for enhanced electron field emission

A variable height model has been implemented in order to improve the emission performance from a nanotube bundle. A Gaussian distribution of nanotube heights has been considered. This resulted in a nearly uniform electric field distribution across all the nanotubes and consequently an enhanced emission current in comparison to a nanotube bundle with all the nanotubes having the same height. Simulation results from linear as well as area nanotube bundles are reported. The analysis helped in providing a better understanding of the previously reported experimental results on enhanced field emission from plasma treated nanotube bundles having CNTs of variable heights.