Monitoring of technical oils in supercritical CO(2) under continuous flow conditions by NIR spectroscopy and multivariate calibration

Metal parts and residues from machining processes are usually polluted with cutting or grinding oil and have to be cleaned before further use. Supercritical carbon dioxide can be used for extraction processes and precision cleaning of metal parts, as developed at Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe. For optimizing and efficiently conducting the extraction process, in-line analysis of oil concentration is desirable. Therefore, a monitoring method using fiber-optic NIR spectroscopy in combination with PLS calibration has been developed. In an earlier paper we have described the instrumental set-up and a calibration model using the model compound squalane in the spectral range of the CH combination bands from 4900 to 4200 cm⁻¹. With this model only poor prediction results were obtained if applied to technical oil samples in supercritical CO₂. In this paper we describe a new calibration model, which was set up for the squalane/carbon dioxide system covering the 323–353 K temperature and the 16–35.6 MPa pressure range. Here, calibration data in the spectral range from 6100 to 5030 cm⁻¹ have been used. This range includes the 5100 cm⁻¹ CO₂ band of the Fermi triad as well as the hydrocarbon 1st overtone CH stretching bands, where spectral features of oil compounds and squalane are more similar to each other.

The root mean-squared error of prediction obtained with this model is 4 mg cm⁻³ for carbon dioxide and 0.4 mg cm⁻³ for squalane, respectively. The utilizability of the newly developed PLS calibration model for predicting the oil concentration and CO₂ density of solutions of technical oils in supercritical carbon dioxide has been tested. Three types of “real world” cutting and grinding oil formulations were used in these experiments. The calibration proved to be suitable for determining the technical oil concentration with an error of 1.1 mg cm⁻³ and the CO₂ density with an error of 6 mg cm⁻³. Therefore, it seems possible to apply this in-line analytical approach on the basis of a cost-effective and time-saving model compound calibration for the surveillance of real world de-oiling and other extraction process based on supercritical carbon dioxide, and furthermore to establish an automated process termination criterion based on this technique.     

Highly sensitive bend sensor based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer using photonic crystal fiber

Optical fiber bend sensor with photonic crystal fiber (PCF) based Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) is demonstrated experimentally. The results show that the PCF-based MZI is sensitive to bending with a sensitivity of 3.046 nm/m⁻¹ and is independent on temperature with a sensitivity of 0.0019 nm/°C, making it the best candidate for temperature insensitive bend sensors. To that end, another kind of bend sensor with higher sensitivity of 5.129 nm/m⁻¹ is proposed, which is constructed by combining an LPFG and an MZI with zero offset at the second splice mentioned above.     

一种耐静压分布反馈式光纤激光水听器探头设计

大深度工作环境下,静水压会引起分布反馈式光纤激光水听器反射中心波长漂出解调系统的复用窗口,使水听器无法解调目标声压信号;不同的静水压也会引起分布反馈式光纤激光水听器灵敏度的变化,影响光纤激光水听器阵列的一致性。基于电力声类比理论,提出带静压补偿的分布反馈式光纤激光水听器探头,建立结构的声压传递函数,分析各结构参数对传递函数的影响,为分布反馈式光纤激光水听器探头频率响应平坦化设计提供理论依据。加工制作了耐静压分布反馈式光纤激光水听器样品进行测试,在0 kHz～10 kHz频率范围内声压灵敏度波动范围不大于±2.4 dB,2.3 MPa内出射激光中心波长漂移量不大于0.06 nm,对深水光纤激光水听器的研究具有指导意义。     

SERS-based plasmonic nanobiosensing in single living cells

In this paper, we describe the development and application of a pH-sensitive plasmonics-active fiber-optic nanoprobe suitable for intracellular bioanalysis in single living human cells using surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) detection. The effectiveness and usefulness of SERS-based fiber-optic nanoprobes are illustrated by measurements of intracellular pH in HMEC-15/hTERT immortalized “normal” human mammary epithelial cells and PC-3 human prostate cancer cells. The results indicate that fiber-optic nanoprobe insertion and interrogation provide a sensitive and selective means to monitor cellular microenvironments at the single cell level.     

Underwater acoustics and cavitating flow of water entry

The fluid mechanics of water entry is studied through investigating the underwater acoustics and the supercavitation. Underwater acoustic signals in water entry are extensively measured at about 30 different positions by using a PVDF needle hydrophone. From the measurements we obtain (1) the primary shock wave caused by the impact of the blunt body on free surface; (2) the vapor pressure inside the cavity; (3) the secondary shock wave caused by pulling away of the cavity from free surface; and so on. The supercavitation induced by the blunt body is observed by using a digital high-speed video camera as well as the single shot photography. The periodic and 3 dimensional motion of the supercavitation is revealed. The experiment is carried out at room temperature. The project supported by the “BaiRen Plan” of Chinese Academy of Sciences     

Tailored Pd-Au layer produced by conventional evaporation process for hydrogen sensing

Here we propose two methods using conventional evaporation process to produce tailored Pd/Au composite thin films for hydrogen sensing. In the first method Pd and Au are evaporated simultaneously using different evaporation rate. In the other, alternated nano-layer of Pd and Au are evaporated. Some characteristics of the thin films and their response to hydrogen when they are deposited over optical fibers are experimentally analyzed. Optical fiber sensors for detection of hydrogen concentration lower than 4% and response time of 10 s approximately are demonstrated. The possibility to precisely control the proportion of the constituents of Pd-alloys thin films to produce optical fiber hydrogen sensors with fast response makes these methods very attractive.     

MEMS仿生矢量水听器微结构的有限元分析

结合压电原理和仿生学理论,利用MEMS工艺制作的仿生矢量水听器,具有高灵敏度、宽频带、矢量性及高信噪比等特点。为了进一步提高水听器预测水下环境中声学特性的准确性并提高其固有频率,利用有限元方法对MEMS水听器仿生微结构进行优化分析。首先,对仿生微结构固有频率和灵敏度与其结构尺寸关系作了理论分析并画出不同微结构尺寸下的固有频率和最大应力曲线。其次,运用ANSYS软件对仿生微结构进行有限元仿真并画出固有频率和最大应力响应曲线。对比分析理论与仿真结果,得出当悬臂梁长、宽、厚及仿生纤毛的高度和半径分别为400, 80, 50, 1000和80 m 时,MEMS矢量水听器的性能得到最优化,同时对理论与仿真结果的差异进行了分析。     

MEMS矢量水听器灵敏度自动测试系统设计

针对微机电系统(MEMS)矢量水听器声压灵敏度测试中出现的测试步骤单一、测试任务繁重且耗时多,同时手动测量存在不确定的操作误差等问题,在分析矢量水听器灵敏度测试原理和测试过程的基础上,采用AD9850,AD8599,PGA205、单片机MK60DN512ZVLQ110等芯片,设计了集成信号激励源、微弱信号检测、调理以及信号采样和传输等模块的矢量水听器灵敏度自动测试装置。该装置将测试现场的仪器缩小,多模块功能集成,通过与PC上位机连接控制,快速、实时地完成矢量水听器灵敏度测试标定,在节约测试时间的同时,也能快速地完成对水听器的优化改进的验证;此装置体积小、轻便,测试连线简单,方便外场测试,促进MEMS水听器工程化应用。     

以AmberlystA－27为载体的光纤铁反射传感器的研究

以ＡｍｂｅｒｌｙｓｔＡ－２７为载体的光纤铁反射传感器的研究卢建忠，章竹君（南京大学化学系，南京，２１０００８）（陕西师范大学化学系，西安，７１００６２）关键词光纤传感器，反射，铁离子金属离子光纤传感器的设计是基于固定在探头上的指示剂与溶液中金属离子之...