含IIIA或VA族杂原子的碳原子簇负离子的研究

在自制的仪器上，以脉冲激光束在高真空中溅射适当的样品，产生了一系列合有1个VA族原子（N、P、As）或ⅢA族原子（B、Al）及13个以下碳原子的原子簇负离子。在实验记录的飞行时间质谱中，这些簇离子的信号强度均因其碳原子数的奇偶而发生交替变化．对实验结果的分析研究显示：这些簇离子均为直链构型．VA或ⅢA族原子位于链的一端，所有成簇原子的价键均得到满足．     

瓜环与2,2''''-联吡啶衍生物的相互作用

利用~1H NMR技术、紫外吸收光谱及荧光光谱方法,考察了对六、七以及八元瓜环与多种2,2'-联吡啶衍生物相互作用形成的主客体配合物结构及光学性质.研究结果显示,不同的2,2'-联吡啶衍生物与瓜环作用不仅形成多种不同包结比的稳定包结配合物,且所形成的主客体包结配合物的结构及光谱性质也各不相同;同时用几种方法协同考察起到了互为补充、互为验证的良好效果.     

微过氧化物酶-8与Eu3+相互作用的机理

用紫外-可见(UV-Vis)吸收光谱和电化学方法研究Eu3+与微过氧化物酶-8(MP-8)相互作用的机理,发现Eu3+优先与MP-8中血红素基团的2个丙酸基的羧基氧发生强的配位作用,导致MP-8分子中血红素基团的非平面性、暴露程度和电化学可逆性的增加.过剩的Eu3+与MP-8分子中肽链上的含氧基团发生弱的相互作用,对血红素基团结构的影响较小.     

Determination of the Dissociation Constants of Urocanic Acid Isomers in Aqueous Solutions

Summary. (E)- and (Z)-Urocanic acids are endogenous chemicals in the normal mammalian skin. The first and the second thermodynamic dissociation constants (pK _a1 and pK _a2) of urocanic acid isomers were determined using UV spectrophotometry in aqueous solutions. The values with standard deviation (pK _a1 = 3.43 ± 0.12 and pK _a2 = 5.80 ± 0.04) and (pK _a1 = 2.7 ± 0.3 and pK _a2 = 6.65 ± 0.04) were obtained to (E)- and (Z)-urocanic acids, respectively. The second dissociations were studied also by potentiometric titration in aqueous sodium chloride solutions up to the isotonic salt concentration (0.154 mol dm⁻³), and the second thermodynamic dissociation constants as well as activity parameters for both isomers were determined at temperature 25°C and for (E)-urocanic acid also at 37°C. The obtained pK _a2 values were close to those found by UV spectrophotometry. The equations for the calculation of the second stoichiometric dissociation constants of urocanic acid isomers on molality and molarity scale in aqueous sodium chloride solutions were derived. The obtained pK _a1 and pK _a2 values for (Z)-urocanic acid appear to be essentially lower than some previously reported values in literature. An erratum to this article is available at .     

Molecular motion and interactions in aqueous carbohydrate solutions. I. Dielectric-relaxation studies

Dielectric-relaxation studies in the frequency range 200 kHz to 35 GHz are reported for a range of sugars (from mono- to trisaccharides) in aqueous solution. The complex dielectric spectra were analyzed using a weighted least-squares minimization method to resolve the various component relaxations, and the implications of the analyses in terms of the molecular dynamics of solute and solvent and the interactions between solute and solvent are discussed. For the highest concentration studied (ca. 2M), it was found that the most significant analysis required three discrete relaxation processes, whereas lower concentration samples could usually be satisfactorily fitted with two. Irrespective of any uncertainty in model selection, a number of conclusions regarding the solute-solvent interactions can be made, and it is shown how final quantification of the extents of hydration can be made using the input of information from other techniques.     

激光窗口热效应和应力双折射的分析

 分析了平板窗口在激光加热和内外压强差作用下对光束带来的附加相移，详细讨论了应力双折射部分的相移，计算了CaF₂窗口的温升、应力、附加相移、远场Strehl比和退偏度等的分布。结果表明：窗口变形和折射率随温度变化是产生附加相移的主要原因，窗口的非均匀温升将导致光束质量下降，应力双折射部分的相移与窗口表面Miller指数有关，对入射光产生一定的退偏效应，从而影响光束质量。     

紫外预电离TEA CO2激光器放电特性的实验研究

 横向激励大气压（transversely excited atmospheric,TEA）CO₂激光器的放电稳定性是决定该类型激光器应用效果的关键因素。通过对采用电感充放电电路的紫外预电离激光器的实验研究，得到了激光器放电动态过程的规律，并发现残余振荡是主放电后发生弧光放电的主要原因。实验中采用不同配比的气体，并对电感充放电电路与改进后的硅堆充放电电路进行了比较。实验结果表明：增加充电电感值可以降低主放电结束后储能电容上的残余电压；而采用硅堆放电电路在主放电后仅有相对幅值很低的稳定残压，两种方案都大幅度抑制了弧光放电的形成，有效地提高了激光单脉冲能量。     

激光通道传输热特性对远场光束质量的影响

 通过仿真计算分析了激光在光束控制系统通道内传输所产生的热效应及其对远场光束质量的影响。激光传播由近轴波方程描述，用快速傅里叶变换技术求解；激光热效应引起的流场密度变化采用完全Navier-Stokes方程计算。计算给出了不同波长、不同吸收系数条件下的远场光斑情况。计算结果表明，在典型的工作条件和状态下，较高能量激光在光束控制系统通道内产生的热效应影响不容忽视，它会明显降低远场目标处的能量集中度，增大光斑的发散。     

短波段光学减反膜的溶胶-凝胶法制备及性能分析

 随着大型激光器的发展，对短波段减反膜的要求日益提高，其中钕玻璃激光三倍频（355nm）的减反射成为新的技术要点。采用溶胶-凝胶工艺合成SiO₂溶胶，采用提拉镀膜法制备纳米多孔SiO₂薄膜，薄膜厚度为75nm，折射率控制在1.22，镀制在石英基底上的薄膜其355nm波长的反射率仅为0.2%。通过氨处理工艺和薄膜的表面修饰，薄膜的抗磨擦性能和疏水性能大大提高，薄膜经过蘸有灰尘、乙醇的棉花球擦洗20次和50次后，透射率最大值仅分别降低0.13% 和 0.39%，与水珠的接触角达到110°。     

Review of recent UV–Vis and infrared spectroscopy researches on wine detection and discrimination

Wine has become a commodity of significant commercial value, and the demand for high quality wine by consumers has been increasing. Suitable analytical techniques are needed for its quality control. Ultraviolet, Visible, Near-infrared and infrared spectroscopy is by far one of the most important techniques for determining the wine quality, including its components and characterization. This review will overview the available most recent applications of spectroscopic techniques in the past decade for wine quality prediction and discrimination both quantitatively and qualitatively. The fundamental principles of these techniques will be introduced briefly, and some innovative setups/instrumentations will also be illustrated. At last the limitations and prospects of spectroscopic techniques for wine industry will be discussed.