层状CuyFe6-yAl2Ox催化剂的制备及其在罗丹明B降解反应中的应用

以铜铁铝水滑石为前驱体,经焙烧后得到了一系列不同组成的层状铜铁铝混合氧化物催化剂。将其应用于中性条件下高浓度罗丹明B(450 mg·L^-1)的类芬顿降解反应中,考察了催化剂中铜铁比例及焙烧温度对其降解性能的影响。实验结果表明,当铜铁物质的量之比为5∶1、焙烧温度为500℃时所得到的Cu5FeAl2Ox-500催化剂对罗丹明B的降解效率最高,能够在150 min内将罗丹明B完全降解。表征结果发现,Cu5FeAl2Ox-500催化剂中生成了新的CuFe2O4物相,而且具有较大的比表面积和介孔体积,因而有利于罗丹明B的降解。同时还发现该催化剂对多种污染物的降解均有很好的效果。     

BPR光度法检测Fenton反应产生的羟自由基

提出检测Fenton反应产生羟自由基的新方法。羟自由基与溴邻苯三酚红（BPR）发生氧化反应后,溴邻苯三酚红的颜色发生变化,用紫外－分光光度计测定其△A560值的变化,可间接测定羟自由基的产生量。试验结果表明,△A560与溴邻苯三酚红、FeSO4及H2O2呈量效关系,随反应时间延长,△A560依幂函数规律上升。同时发现甘露醇、苯甲酸清除羟自由基作用呈明显的量效关系。方法稳定性好、操作简便、测定快速,可作为一种简便的筛选抗氧化剂的方法。     

杭锦2#土的光谱特征及非均相Fenton反应机理

杭锦2#土是内蒙古鄂尔多斯杭锦旗地区发现的层状含铁天然矿物,利用Ｘ射线衍射、吡啶吸附红外光谱及Ｘ射线光电子能谱技术对样品的性质进行了表征。X射线光电子能谱表明杭锦2#土骨架结构中Si和Al原子结合能与标准硅氧四面体和铝氧八面体中Si和Al结合能相比明显增加,表面存在Lewis酸位和Brönsted酸位,且杭锦2#土中铁物种以Fe(Ⅲ)和Fe(Ⅱ)形式存在于骨架结构中;非均相Fenton反应中杭锦2#土的Fe(Ⅱ)可与H₂O₂反应生成自由基(·OH)与Fe(Ⅲ),但反应速率慢且难以循环。酸活化后杭锦2#土中Si和Al的结合能进一步增加,铁物种部分转变为非结构铁并以Fe3+与Fe2+转移到样品表面;X射线光电子能谱、吡啶红外和氨气程序升温表征表明酸活化杭锦2#土表面Lewis酸位和Brönsted酸位增多;非均相Fenton反应中,酸活化杭锦2#土表面Fe3+与Fe2+可与H₂O₂循环反应,不断生成·OH并对甲基橙进行降解,且活化杭锦2#土表面Brönsted酸能够提供质子将H₂O₂包围,抑制其分解生成HO-₂并提供更多的·OH,Lewis酸能增加杭锦2#土表面吸附氧（O_ad）含量,而Fe2+可被O_ad氧化为Fe3+,促进Fe2+/Fe3+之间的循环,同时在氧化过程中电子转移到O_ad形成O·-₂,O·-₂能够与Brönsted酸提供的质子反应形成·OH,·OH与O·-₂均为氧化性自由基,能够提升活化杭锦2#土非均相Fenton反应活性。此外,X射线衍射表明酸活化使杭锦2#土中CO2-₃转化为对Fenton反应负面影响更小的SO2-₄进而提升其非均相Fenton反应活性。     

表面活性剂对TiO_2/Fenton复合体系可见光催化活性的增强效应

在pH 3.0缓冲体系中,紫外光作用下,采用TiO_2/Fenton复合体系催化氧化吖啶橙(AO)染料具有较高的催化效率,而在可见光作用下催化活性极低.通过引入表面活性剂十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS),可见光条件下的催化效率得到极大提升,反应30 min后降解率达到91.8%.依据染料吸附模型以及可见光敏化催化机理解释,SDS的作用主要在于增强了染料分子与Fenton试剂在TiO_2粒子表面的作用能力,使两类反应能够有效地协同进行,共同作用于染料的分解.     

氯酚废水的UV-Fenton氧化-生化组合处理研究

采用连续式UV—Fenton氧化—生化工艺处理邻氯苯酚废水，通过UV—Fenton氧化预处理，可以去除大部分的邻氯苯酚，将大分子降解成低分子脂肪烃化合物，从而提高了废水的可生化性，对于CODcr1000mg／L左右，邻氯苯酚浓度为625mg／L的废水，H2O2为1／4Qth理论投加量时，经过UV—Fenton—生化组合处理工艺处理，CODcr去除率可达到64．4％，邻氯苯酚去除率可达94．6％。     

Combined Chemical Activation and Fenton Degradation to Convert Waste Polyethylene into High‐Value Fine Chemicals

Plastic waste is a valuable organic resource. However, proper technologies to recover usable materials from plastic are still very rare. Although the conversion/cracking/degradation of certain plastics into chemicals has drawn much attention, effective and selective cracking of the major waste plastic polyethylene is extremely difficult, with degradation of C?C/C?H bonds identified as the bottleneck. Pyrolysis, for example, is a nonselective degradation method used to crack plastics, but it requires a very high energy input. To solve the current plastic pollution crisis, more effective technologies are needed for converting plastic waste into useful substances that can be fed into the energy cycle or used to produce fine chemicals for industry. In this study, we demonstrate a new and effective chemical approach by using the Fenton reaction to convert polyethylene plastic waste into carboxylic acids under ambient conditions. Understanding the fundamentals of this new chemical process provides a possible protocol to solve global plastic‐waste problems.     

Highly Efficient AuPd/Carbon Nanotube Nanocatalysts for the Electro‐Fenton Process

Development of novel nanocatalysts for the highly efficient in situ synthesis of H₂O₂ from H₂ and O₂ in the electro‐Fenton (EF) process has potential for the remediation of water pollution. In this work, AuPd/carbon nanotube (CNT) nanocatalysts were successfully synthesized by the facile aggregation of AuPd bimetals on CNTs. Characterization by X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicated that pure AuPd bimetallic heterogeneous nanospheres (≈20 nm) were well dispersed outside the CNTs, which resulted in better catalytic performance than Pd/CNTs alone: 0.36 M H₂O₂ was synthesized; 0.05 M Fe²⁺ optimally initiated the EF process due to the superior in situ Fe²⁺ regeneration; and the organic pollutant removal reached 100 % at 37 min, with a pseudo‐first‐order kinetic constant k₁=0.051 min^?1. Moreover, structural insights before/after catalysis revealed that Au strengthened the construction of the nanocrystals, avoided negative deactivation caused by AuPd agglomeration, and immobilized the active Pd(111). The catalytic stability of AuPd/CNTs over ten cycles implied long durability and promising applications of this material.