TGF-��-treated antigen presenting cells suppress collagen-induced arthritis through the promotion of Th2 responses

Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) is mediated by self-reactive CD4⁺ T cells that produce inflammatory cytokines. TGF-β₂-treated tolerogenic antigen-presenting cells (Tol-APCs) are known to induce tolerance in various autoimmune diseases. In this study, we investigated whether collagen-specific Tol-APCs could induce suppression of CIA. We observed that Tol-APCs could suppress the development and severity of CIA and delay the onset of CIA. Treatment of Tol-APCs reduced the number of IFN-γ- and IL-17-producing CD4⁺ T cells and increased IL-4- and IL-5-producing CD4⁺ T cells upon collagen antigen stimulation in vitro. The suppression of CIA conferred by Tol-APCs correlated with their ability to selectively induce IL-10 production. We also observed that treatment of Tol-APCs inhibited not only cellular immune responses but also humoral immune responses in the process of CIA. Our results suggest that in vitro-generated Tol-APCs have potential therapeutic value for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis as well as other autoimmune diseases.     

只需一个解调器的偏分复用差分相移键控系统实验实现

偏分复用技术是提高系统传输速率的有效方法之一.搭建了被称为双偏振态差分相移键控(Dual-Pol.DPSK)码的新型偏分复用实验系统,它与具有相同的比特波特比的差分正交相移键控(DQPSK)调制方式相比,接收机要简单很多.与传统的偏振分解复用(POLMUX)技术相比,它无需偏振控制或偏振跟踪,只需一个解调器和一个平衡探...     

Universal prediction-based adaptive fault estimator applied to secure communication

In this paper, a communication scheme that could use a nonlinear dynamical system to create encrypted keys with an additional dimension is proposed, and the scheme could keep encrypted keys not to diverge. Since the divergence of encrypted keys (nonlinear signals) easily happens in non-linear systems coupled with other systems, the adaptive control approach, proposed in this paper, uses the universal state-space adaptive observer-based fault diagnosis/estimator and the high-performance tracker to eliminate the divergence of encrypted keys. At the same time, the receiver of communication retrieves informal messages by the universal state-space adaptive observer-based fault diagnosis/estimator and the high-performance tracker. Thus, this paper takes advantage of the merit of digital redesign methodology for a practical implementation of secure-communication, and the estimator solves the problem of secure communication. Thus developed a new approach could add more dimensions into nonlinear secure-communication systems without having the problem of divergence of encrypted keys.     

On time versus size for monotone dynamic monopolies in regular topologies

We consider a well-known distributed colouring game played on a simple connected graph: initially, each vertex is coloured black or white; at each round, each vertex simultaneously recolours itself by the colour of the simple (strong) majority of its neighbours. A set of vertices M is said to be a dynamo, if starting the game with only the vertices of M coloured black, the computation eventually reaches an all-black configuration.The importance of this game follows from the fact that it models the spread of faults in point-to-point systems with majority-based voting; in particular, dynamos correspond to those sets of initial failures which will lead the entire system to fail. Investigations on dynamos have been extensive but restricted to establishing tight bounds on the size (i.e., how small a dynamic monopoly might be).In this paper we start to study dynamos systematically with respect to both the size and the time (i.e., how many rounds are needed to reach all-black configuration) in various models and topologies.We derive tight tradeoffs between the size and the time for a number of regular graphs, including rings, complete d-ary trees, tori, wrapped butterflies, cube connected cycles and hypercubes. In addition, we determine optimal size bounds of irreversible dynamos for butterflies and shuffle-exchange using simple majority and for DeBruijn using strong majority rules. Finally, we make some observations concerning irreversible versus reversible monotone models and slow complete computations from minimal dynamos.     

Cycle embedding in star graphs with more conditional faulty edges

The star graph is one of the most attractive interconnection networks. The cycle embedding problem is widely discussed in many networks, and edge fault tolerance is an important issue for networks since edge failures may occur when a network is put into use. In this paper, we investigate the cycle embedding problem in star graphs with conditional faulty edges. We show that there exist fault-free cycles of all even lengths from 6 to n! in any n-dimensional star graph S_n (n ? 4) with ?3n − 10 faulty edges in which each node is incident with at least two fault-free edges. Our result not only improves the previously best known result where the number of tolerable faulty edges is up to 2n − 7, but also extends the result that there exists a fault-free Hamiltonian cycle under the same condition.     

分层立方体网络的容错性分析

通过分层立方网络HCNn (n≥3)的容错性分析,从理论上探讨了分层立方网络基于比较模型的条件诊断度,并证明其条件诊断度为tc(HCNn)=3n?2,大约是传统诊断度(t(HCNn)=n+1)的3倍.     

基于不完整描述样本的制冷系统故障诊断研究

制冷系统故障信息样本中的部分特征缺失时,已有的故障诊断模型无法使用这些样本。为解决该问题,提出了一种新颖的故障诊断策略。该诊断策略可通过以下步骤实现:(1)在部分问题描述与历史数据库的相互作用及领域知识的基础上,产生了用于特征转换的相似转换矩阵;(2)将不完整描述样本中的未知特征转变为与其相关的已知特征,形成检索目标;(3)通过计算和比较检索目标与数据库中样本间的相似度,得到最佳案例,将该案例中的相应值赋予未知特征;(4)运用已有的故障诊断模型及再生的完整描述样本,对制冷系统进行故障诊断。利用实验数据对该诊断策略进行验证,取得了满意的结果。     

Performance of a 80 W copper vapor laser with “alignment free” unstable CAT-EYE resonator and other configurations using intra-cavity apertures

Performance of a kinetically enhanced copper vapor laser (KE-CVL) with various stable/unstable “alignment free” CAT-EYE resonator configurations are presented here in this paper. The laser used in the experiment was a 45 mm bore (∼2 l discharge volume) kinetically enhanced copper vapor laser developed in our laboratory and capable of generating maximum power of ∼80 W (at ∼9.8 kHz). The efficiency of the laser was ∼1.4% and beam divergence of ∼3.5 mrad in a plane-plane standard multimode cavity. For the first time performance of unstable CAT-EYE resonator is demonstrated with a CVL/KE-CVL. On using unstable CAT-EYE resonator the divergence of the laser beam reduced to ∼0.22 mrad (∼20-fold reduction as compared to conventional plane-plane cavity), ∼40 W output power and with excellent misalignment tolerance. The laser output power was found to be within ∼5% drift/decline with misalignment angle of about 4 mrad between the mirrors. This is a significant improvement in comparison to standard conventional unstable resonator (M ∼ 50) CVL where ∼0.5 mrad divergence is achieved with power drift/decline of about 45% at ∼4 mrad misalignment angle.Off-axis unstable CAT-EYE unstable resonator was also demonstrated for the first time with further reduction in beam divergence to ∼0.13 mrad and with output power of ∼28 W. The misalignment tolerance was found to be highest in case of off-axis unstable CAT-EYE resonator with decline/drift in laser power of only ∼10% for misalignment angle as high as ∼8 mrad. Performance with intra-cavity apertures in plane-plane type CAT-EYE resonator for transverse mode control is also presented for the first time in CVLs. It is observed that the laser beam divergence reduces significantly to 1.25 mrad (a factor of 2) on using an aperture of ∼3.5 mm at the CAT-EYE reflector as compared to its normal (R = F = d) configuration without aperture. In case of stable CAT-EYE resonator the average beam divergence reduces from 8 mrad to 4 mrad (factor of 2) on using intra-cavity aperture of about 3 mm. It was also observed that high misalignment tolerance was retained on using intra-cavity apertures in almost all the CAT-EYE resonators. Use of intra-cavity mesh was also demonstrated for the first time with stable CAT-EYE resonator for improving the beam focus-ability. Average beam divergence was reduced by a factor of 2.5 (from 8 mrad to 3 mrad) on using intra-cavity mesh. These new configurations in CAT-EYE resonators in KE-CVLs are found to be effective in improving and controlling the laser beam divergence significantly with additional characteristic of high misalignment tolerance.     

一种嵌入式软件逻辑覆盖测试方法研究

针对嵌入式软件测试覆盖率低的问题,本文提出了基于软件故障注入的逻辑覆盖测试方法,首先就嵌入式系统常用传感器建立故障模式库,设计了嵌入式软件故障注入系统;其次选取中间层作为故障注入点,研究基于VxWorks653嵌入式操作系统的故障注入实现方式,并通过分析故障信号在软件系统中的传播,提出优化测试用例的方法;最后通过实验验证了该方法可有效提高容错设计功能、冗余设计功能、故障检测功能测试的逻辑覆盖率;有助于提高嵌入式软件的可靠性。     

9MeV行波直线加速器用四极透镜系统状态分析

 分析了大型海关集装箱检测系统用的9 MeV电子直线加速器的四极透镜系统变为斜四极透镜系统对束流聚焦特性的影响。对三单元四极透镜系统聚焦参数、制造和安装误差进行了分析，给出了参数选择方法和合理的误差要求。以上计算利用束流动力学程序TRANSPORT完成。