层流场协同方程的验证及其性质

在粘性耗散一定的条件下,以热量传递势容耗散取得极值为优化目标,利用变分方法可以导出稳态层流对流换热的场协同方程。场协同方程的意义在于能够求解一定边界条件所对应的最佳速度场,从而实现最优的传热效果。本文采用二维方腔内空气的层流对流换热模型,通过将最佳速度场与其它流场的换热结果进行比较,初步验证了场协同方程的正确性,并对场协同方程的优化过程和原理进行了深入的分析。     

用阈值函数分析粒子场同轴全息非线性记录对再现像的影响

用阈值函数分析了粒子场同轴全息非线性记录对再现像的影响,从理论上得到了非线性记录影响粒子场同轴全息再现像的模型,并数值模拟了不同形状粒子在非线性记录下的再现像,得到再现像出现了边缘剪切效应.实验验证了数值模拟的结果,完善了粒子场同轴全息理论,并为粒子场同轴全息图像处理提供了光学产生边缘剪切效果,节约了图像处理的时间.     

油田水中苯及其同系物的分离分析

研究了使用SC-2000国产色谱仪和手动顶空进样法,对油田水中的苯及其同系物进行分离分析的可行性。优化了实验条件,以苯为测试对象,最小检测限为10ppb,相关系数为0.9997,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.7%,且所得到的色谱图中苯、甲苯、乙苯分离效果好,具有良好的峰形,方法快速、简便、廉价且准确,可以用于油田水中苯及其同系物的分离分析。     

无人水下航行器势场航路规划方法研究

对运动障碍威胁环境下UUV航路规划问题进行了研究。首先分别对规划过程中固定障碍、运动障碍建立了排斥势场,对目标点建立了吸引势场,将航路规划问题转变为寻找最优势场点问题;然后提出一种改进的粒子群算法(NPSO),在UUV航路规划过程中,寻找距离当前路径点固定步长范围内的最优势场点,将其作为下一路径点,最终实现UUV在运动障碍威胁环境中的航路规划;最后对所提方法进行了仿真验证,UUV可以有效躲避固定障碍与运动障碍威胁,寻找到较优航路,取得了较好的仿真效果。     

A penny-shaped interface crack between a functionally graded piezoelectric layer and a homogeneous piezoelectric layer

The problem of a penny-shaped interface crack between a functionally graded piezoelectric layer and a homogeneous piezoelectric layer is investigated. The surfaces of the composite structure are subjected to both mechanical and electrical loads. The crack surfaces are assumed to be electrically impermeable. Integral transform method is employed to reduce the problem to a Fredholm integral equation of the second kind. The stress intensity factor, electric displacement intensity factor and energy release rate are derived, some typical numerical results are plotted graphically. The effects of electrical loads, material nonhomogeneity and crack configuration on the fracture behaviors of the cracked composite structure are analyzed in detail.     

Field emission from awl-shaped diamond-like carbon by using filtered cathodic arc plasma technique on anodic aluminum oxide template

Awl-shaped diamond-like carbon (DLC) was directly grown on anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template by using filtered cathodic arc plasma (FCAP) technique at room temperature. The awls of DLC were about 250 nm in the height and the diameters of the awls were ∼100 nm at the top. The awl density was estimated to be ∼10⁸ cm⁻². A broad asymmetric band ranging from 1100 to 1800 cm⁻¹ was detected by Raman spectrum. This asymmetric band was characteristic band of DLC. The sp³/(sp³+sp²) ratio of C-C bond of the awl-shaped DLC was measured by X-ray photoelectron spectrum, and it was about 68.3%. Field-emission properties of the awl-shaped DLC were investigated. A low turn-on field of 2.6 V/μm at 10 μA/cm² with an emission area of 3.14 mm² was achieved, and the emission current stability was very good. The results indicated that the electrons were emitted under both the effect of enhanced field because of the geometry and the work function of the DLC sample. Based on Fowler-Nordheim plot, the values of work function for the awl-shaped DLC were estimated in ranges of 0.23-1.08 from a linearity plot.     

The field theory two-body problem in acoustics

We address the problem of determining effective equations of motion for sources in field theories, where finite propagation speeds lead to radiation reaction and runaway solutions. Acoustics is used to illustrate a solution of this problem: The effective equation of motion is obtained by reduction to an inertial manifold. This equation can be approximated to any desired accuracy by expansion (and truncation) in powers of the reciprocal of the wave propagation speed and reduction to a slow manifold of a singular perturbation problem. This research is supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation NSF DMS-0604331.     

Theoretical study on the photoelectric emission spectra of a field-assisted Au-BaO thin film

The dependence of the spectral distribution of photoelectron emission from gold nano-particles embedded in BaO semiconductor thin film on applied voltage and surface plasmon resonance of gold nano-particles is predicted and investigated theoretically. The photoelectron emission response curves to light wavelength between 0.2 and are given. The dependence of the wavelength threshold on the size of gold nano-particles and external field strength is also shown. The reason that the theoretical photoelectron emission spectra is in the visible region is explained. The probabilities increased for photoexcited electrons to overcome the barrier and escape from the surface are discussed. This could be of importance in designing field-assisted thin film and finding their optimum operation conditions.     

Field ionization of free helium atoms: Correlation between the kinetic energy of ionized atoms and probability of their field ionization

In this paper the correlation between the kinetic energy of helium atoms and the probability of field ionization is investigated by exploiting the narrow velocity distribution of supersonic molecular beams. Field ionization measurements were carried out on supersonic helium beams at 298 K and 95 K corresponding to energies of about 65 meV and 20 meV, respectively, for the individual atoms. The field ionization was performed with a tungsten tip, radius of curvature 12 nm, kept at room temperature. The ionization probability was found to increase by about a factor 10 when the beam was cooled from 298 K to 95 K. The results presented in this paper are of importance for improving the understanding of field ionization and for the development of a new detector for helium and other molecular beams.     

单晶LaB6场发射阵列的电化学腐蚀工艺

 六硼化镧（LaB₆）场发射尖锥阵列的刻蚀工艺是制备LaB₆场发射阵列阴极的关键。在(111)面单晶LaB₆基片上,用等离子体增强化学气相沉积法制备氮化硅层做掩膜,光刻后采用电化学腐蚀方法对基片进行刻蚀,得到具有一定高度的LaB₆尖锥场发射阵列。讨论了单晶LaB₆的电化学腐蚀机理。改变各种电化学腐蚀参数,包括电解液成分、电解液浓度、阳极所加电压,用电子扫描显微镜观察样品形貌。结果发现H₃PO₄是刻蚀单晶LaB₆的理想电解液,它克服了过去电化学实验中经常遇到的尖锥各向异性问题。随着电解液浓度或阳极电压的增大,尖锥高度增加,但是基底表面变得更为粗糙。另一方面,阳极电压太小时,有横向刻蚀现象产生,不利于提高发射体的场增强因子。此外,在二极管结构中初步测试了LaB6尖锥场发射阵列的电流发射特性,在真空度2×10^-4 Pa、极间距离0.1 mm、阳极电压900 V下,发射电流达到13 mA。