全文获取类型
收费全文 | 992篇 |
免费 | 277篇 |
国内免费 | 111篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 263篇 |
晶体学 | 41篇 |
力学 | 50篇 |
综合类 | 7篇 |
数学 | 102篇 |
物理学 | 917篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 1篇 |
2023年 | 11篇 |
2022年 | 24篇 |
2021年 | 28篇 |
2020年 | 34篇 |
2019年 | 20篇 |
2018年 | 29篇 |
2017年 | 20篇 |
2016年 | 50篇 |
2015年 | 26篇 |
2014年 | 62篇 |
2013年 | 72篇 |
2012年 | 89篇 |
2011年 | 82篇 |
2010年 | 56篇 |
2009年 | 67篇 |
2008年 | 73篇 |
2007年 | 78篇 |
2006年 | 62篇 |
2005年 | 64篇 |
2004年 | 65篇 |
2003年 | 64篇 |
2002年 | 48篇 |
2001年 | 43篇 |
2000年 | 39篇 |
1999年 | 33篇 |
1998年 | 30篇 |
1997年 | 20篇 |
1996年 | 18篇 |
1995年 | 13篇 |
1994年 | 13篇 |
1993年 | 6篇 |
1992年 | 8篇 |
1991年 | 4篇 |
1990年 | 5篇 |
1989年 | 6篇 |
1988年 | 1篇 |
1987年 | 2篇 |
1986年 | 5篇 |
1985年 | 5篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 1篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有1380条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
71.
Product Identification and Mass Spectrometric Analysis of n-Butane and i-Butane Pyrolysis at Low Pressure 下载免费PDF全文
Yi-jun Zhang Wen-hao Yuan Jiang-huai Cai Li-dong Zhang Fei Qi Yu-yang Li 《化学物理学报(中文版)》2013,26(2):151-156
The pyrolysis of n-butane and i-butane at low pressure was investigated from 823-1823 K in an electrically heated flow reactor using synchrotron vacuum ultraviolet photoionization mass spectrometry. More than 20 species, especially several radicals and isomers, were detected and identified from the measurements of photoionization efficiency (PIE) spectra. Based on the mass spectrometric analysis, the characteristics of n-butane and i-butane pyrolysis were discussed, which provided experimental evidences for the discussion of decomposition pathways of butane isomers. It is concluded that the isomeric structures of n-butane and i-butane have strong influence on their main decomposition pathways, and lead to dramatic differences in their mass spectra and PIE spectra such as the different dominant products and isomeric structures of butene products. Furthermore, compared with n-butane, i-butane can produce strong signals of benzene at low temperature in its pyrolysis due to the enhanced formation of benzene precursors like propargyl and C4 species, which provides experimental clues to explain the higher sooting tendencies of iso-alkanes than n-alkanes. 相似文献
72.
在过去二十年间,高分子的单链弹性已经得到了广泛的研究.然而由于环境和高分子之间往往有着复杂的相互作用,实验中很难得到高分子在严格无扰状态下的单链弹性(即本征弹性).为此,利用单分子力谱技术研究了高真空条件下聚乙二醇(PEG)的单链弹性.结果表明,由于高真空条件下溶剂分子的干扰被消除,PEG在这一准无扰状态下呈现其本征弹性.在非极性有机溶剂中,由于溶剂分子和PEG之间只有微弱的范德华力作用,PEG表现出和高真空中基本一致的弹性.然而,在不同环境中,力曲线的低力区(F<100 pN)存在着细微的差异.这一现象可归因于不同条件下基底与PEG链之间的吸附力不同.采用的高真空力谱可用于研究其他高分子单链在准无扰状态下的本征弹性. 相似文献
73.
Hsingchi J. LinP.T. Charles Joanne D. AndreadisA.M. Churilla David A. StengerJ.J. Pancrazio 《Analytica chimica acta》2002,457(1):97-108
Cell-based biosensors utilize functional changes in cellular response to identify the biological threats in a physiological relevant manner. Cell-based sensors have been used for a wide array of applications including toxicological assessment and drug-screening. In this paper, we utilize DNA arrays to identify differential gene expression events induced by toxin exposure for the purpose of developing a reporter gene assay system compatible with insertion into a cell-based sensor platform. HT29, an intestine epithelial cell line, was used as a cell model to study the cholera toxin (CT)-induced host cell modulation using DNA array analysis. A false positive model was generated from analysis of housekeeping genes in untreated control experiments to characterize our system and to minimize the number of false positives in the data. Threshold probability scores (−3.72), which gives <0.02% false positives for up/down regulation from the false positive model, were used to identify 73 and 25 known genes/expression tag sequences (ESTs) that were up- and down-regulated, respectively, in cells exposed 23 nM of CT. Using quantitative multiplex PCR assay, the gene expression levels for several genes shown to be modulated according to the microarray experiments, such as apolipoprotein D (Apol D), E-cadherin, and cyclin A2, were confirmed. The differential expression of genes encoding cytochrome P450, glutathione transferase (GST), and MGAT2 were noteworthy and consistent with previous studies. Our study provides an approach to analyze cDNA microarray data with defined false positive rates. The utility of cDNA microarray information for the design of cell-based sensor using a reporter gene approach is discussed. 相似文献
74.
75.
《Surface and interface analysis : SIA》2018,50(7):752-756
We investigate the mechanism of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) surface modification by 172‐nm vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) light. Time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry and optical spectrometry are used to measure the chemical composition and VUV transmittance of the PDMS before and after surface modification, respectively. For modified samples of bulk PDMS, the VUV transmittance and the depth of the modified region increased with increasing VUV dose. This can be explained by the following self‐reinforcing cycle of (1) modification of PDMS by VUV light to a more silica‐like composition, (2) improvement of the VUV light transparency, and (3) deeper modification. For thin‐film samples of PDMS formed on sapphire substrates, the transmittance at 172 nm also increased with increasing VUV dose and exceeded that of sapphire in the region from 172 to 300 nm. Finally, thin‐film samples of PDMS formed on silicon substrates, which function as a VUV reflector, were also investigated. For these samples, the secondary ion depth profiles for several chemical species in the PDMS were oscillatory, probably due to the interference of the incident and reflected VUV light. These results strongly suggest that the photon energy of the VUV light plays an important role in modifying PDMS. 相似文献
76.
77.
M. R. Setare 《General Relativity and Gravitation》2003,35(12):2279-2286
The Casimir energy for massless scalar field which satisfies periodic boundary conditions in two-dimensional domain wall background is calculated by making use of general properties of renormalized stress-tensor. The line element of domain wall is time dependent, the trace anomaly which is the nonvanishing T
for a conformally invariant field after renormalization, represent the back reaction of the dynamical Casimir effect. 相似文献
78.
79.
80.
The effects of oxygen pressure on the structural and optical properties of high quality transparent conductive ZnO thin films were studied in detail. ZnO thin films were prepared by pulsed filtered cathodic vacuum arc deposition system under various oxygen pressures on glass substrate at room temperature. With increasing oxygen pressure, the structure and optical properties of films change. The structural and optical properties of the ZnO thin films were investigated using X-ray diffraction, transmittance spectrometry, refractive index, oscillator parameters, energy band gap and Urbach tail. The films show c-axis oriented (0 0 2) hexagonal wurtize crystal structure. It has been found that the grain size of ZnO thin films increases from 16.9 to 22.6 nm with the increase of oxygen pressure from 3.8×10−4 to 6.9×10−4 Torr and the crystallinity is enhanced. Average transmittance is about 90% in the visible region of the ZnO thin films. From optical transmittance spectra of ZnO films, the absorption edge shifts towards the taller wavelength with an increase in oxygen pressure. The energy band gap decreases from 3.31 to 3.20 eV with an increase in oxygen pressure. The packing density investigation shows in ZnO films high packing densities (above 0.78) can be obtained. 相似文献