退火对He注入及随后208Pb27+辐照的Al2O3单晶PL谱的影响

利用高能离子研究了110 keV 的He⁺注入Al₂O₃单晶及随后230 MeV的²⁰⁸Pb²⁷⁺辐照并在不同温度条件下退火样品的光致发光的特性. 从测试结果可以清楚地看到在375 nm，390 nm，413 nm 和450 nm 出现了强烈的发光峰. 经过600 K退火2 h后测试结果显示，390 nm发光峰增强剧烈，而别的发光峰显示不明显. 在900 K退火条件下，390 nm的发光峰开始减弱相反在510 nm出现了较强的发光峰，到1100 K退火完毕后390 nm的发光峰完全消失，而510 nm的发光峰相对增强. 从辐照样品的FTIR谱中看到，波数在460—510 cm^-1间的吸收是振动模式，经过离子辐照后，吸收带展宽，随着辐照量的增大，Al₂O₃振动吸收峰消失，说明Al₂O₃振动模式被完全破坏. 1000—1300 cm^-1之间为Al-O-Al桥氧的伸缩振动模式，辐照后吸收带向高波数方向移动. 退火后的FTIR谱变化不大.     

A study on LiBOB-based nanocomposite gel polymer electrolytes (NCGPE) for Lithium-ion batteries

Lithium bis(oxalato)borate (LiBOB) salt-based nanocomposite gel polymer blend electrolyte (PVdF/PVC) membranes have been prepared by solution casting technique for various concentrations of TiO₂. The effect of anatase structure of nanosized titanium dioxide in the plasticized PVC/PVdF + LiBOB matrix has been observed in the 2:1 salt filler ratio in the impedance measurements that the conductivity is increased one order of magnitude higher than the filler-free electrolyte (1:0 salt:filler ratio). The phase morphology of this electrolyte membrane represents the appearance of the free volume sites for ionic migration.     

Rapid characterization of molecular chemistry,nutrient make‐up and microlocation of internal seed tissue

Wheat differs from corn in biodegradation kinetics and fermentation characteristics. Wheat exhibits a relatively high rate (23% h^?1) and extent (78% DM) of biodegradation, which can lead to metabolic problems such as acidosis and bloat in ruminants. The objective of this study was to rapidly characterize the molecular chemistry of the internal structure of wheat (cv. AC Barrie) and reveal both its structural chemical make‐up and nutrient component matrix by analyzing the intensity and spatial distribution of molecular functional groups within the intact seed using advanced synchrotron‐powered Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy. The experiment was performed at the U2B station of the National Synchrotron Light Source at Brookhaven National Laboratory, New York, USA. The wheat tissue was imaged systematically from the pericarp, seed coat, aleurone layer and endosperm under the peaks at ～1732 (carbonyl C=O ester), 1515 (aromatic compound of lignin), 1650 (amide I), 1025 (non‐structural CHO), 1550 (amide II), 1246 (cellulosic material), 1160, 1150, 1080, 930, 860 (all CHO), 3350 (OH and NH stretching), 2928 (CH₂ stretching band) and 2885 cm^?1 (CH₃ stretching band). Hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis were applied to analyze the molecular FTIR spectra obtained from the different inherent structures within the intact wheat tissues. The results showed that, with synchrotron‐powered FTIR microspectroscopy, images of the molecular chemistry of wheat could be generated at an ultra‐spatial resolution. The features of aromatic lignin, structural and non‐structural carbohydrates, as well as nutrient make‐up and interactions in the seeds, could be revealed. Both principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis methods are conclusive in showing that they can discriminate and classify the different inherent structures within the seed tissue. The wheat exhibited distinguishable differences in the structural and nutrient make‐up among the pericarp, seed coat, aleurone layer and endosperm. Such information on the molecular chemistry can be used for grain‐breeding programs for selecting a superior variety of wheat targeted for food and feed purposes and for predicting wheat quality and nutritive value in humans and animals. Thus advanced synchrotron‐powered FTIR technology can provide a greater understanding of the plant–animal interface.     

Retrieval algorithm of quantitative analysis of passive Fourier transform infrared （FTRD） remote sensing measurements of chemical gas cloud from measuring the transmissivity by passive remote Fourier transform infrared

Passive Fourier transform infrared （FTIR） remote sensing measurement of chemical gas cloud is a vital technology. It takes an important part in many fields for the detection of released gases. The principle of concentration measurement is based on the Beer-Lambert law. Unlike the active measurement, for the passive remote sensing, in most cases, the difference between the temperature of the gas cloud and the brightness temperature of the background is usually a few kelvins. The gas cloud emission is almost equal to the background emission, thereby the emission of the gas cloud cannot be ignored. The concentration retrieval algorithm is quite different from the active measurement. In this paper, the concentration retrieval algorithm for the passive FTIR remote measurement of gas cloud is presented in detail, which involves radiative transfer model, radiometric calibration, absorption coefficient calculation, et al. The background spectrum has a broad feature, which is a slowly varying function of frequency. In this paper, the background spectrum is fitted with a polynomial by using the Levenberg-Marquardt method which is a kind of nonlinear least squares fitting algorithm. No background spectra are required. Thus, this method allows mobile, real-time and fast measurements of gas clouds.     

Ozone profiles and total column amounts derived at Izaña, Tenerife Island, from FTIR solar absorption spectra, and its validation by an intercomparison to ECC-sonde and Brewer spectrometer measurements

Since February 1999 high-resolution Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) solar absorption spectra are recorded at the Izaña Observatory (, 2370 m a.s.l.), which forms part of the network for detection of stratospheric change (NDSC). The vertical distribution of the ozone amount was deduced from the spectra by using the retrieval code PROFFIT. Two microwindows at 782.5 and are used whereby an individually and regularly determined instrumental line shape (ILS) was applied. A detailed error analysis of the ozone retrieval is performed, i.e. the height-dependent impact of all important error sources on the retrieved profiles is estimated. The retrieved total column amounts and profiles as well as their estimated error budgets are verified by comparisons with column amounts and profiles derived from Brewer spectrometer and ECC-sonde measurements performed simultaneously at the same location. Whereas the mean difference of 1.9% of the FTIR total column amounts and the Brewer data lies within the precision of the instruments, systematic differences of up to 9% between FTIR and ECC-sonde profile are observed above . The assumed precisions of the experiments are consistent with the experimental results, which demonstrates the excellent characterization of the FTIR data. The analysis of systematic errors allows to conclude that the systematic differences are mainly due to the sonde data since the systematic errors in the FTIR profile can only explain a small part of them.     

稀土(镧、镨、钕)氯化物与苯并咪唑配合物的光谱特性

用傅里叶变换红外光谱、喇曼光谱、紫外光谱、荧光光谱和X粉晶衍射等多种光谱手段对氯化稀土(La、Pr、Nd)与苯并咪唑(Bim)配合物进行了分析,对配合物的光谱特性和结构进行了讨论和表征.     

Conductivity and characterization of polyurea electrolytes with carboxylic acid

Polyurea, which was synthesized from 4,4′‐diphenylmethane diisocyanate, Jeffamine‐ED2001 (weight‐average molecular weight: 2000), and 3,5‐diaminobanzoic acid (DABA) were doped with lithium perchlorate (LiClO₄) as the polyelectrolyte. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and ⁷Li magic‐angle spinning (MAS) solid‐state NMR were used to monitor changes in the morphology of polyurea electrolytes corresponding to the concentration of LiClO₄ dopants. DSC showed the glass‐transition temperature of the hard and soft segments increases with salt concentration. FTIR indicated the carboxylic group of DABA coordinates with the Li⁺ ion, and the ordered hydrogen‐bonded urea carbonyl groups are destroyed when the salt concentration exceeds 0.5 mmole of LiClO₄ (gPUrea)^?1. The ⁷Li MAS solid‐state NMR investigation of the polyurea electrolytes revealed the presence of two Li⁺ environments at lower temperature. Impedance spectroscopy measurements showed that the conductivity behavior followed the Arrhenius equation, and the maximum conductivity occurred when the crystalline structure of polyurea was disrupted. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 4007–4016, 2003     

In-situ FTIR investigations on the reduction of vinylene electrolyte additives suitable for use in lithium-ion batteries

Lithium-ion batteries operate beyond the thermodynamic stability of the aprotic organic electrolyte used and electrolyte decomposition occurs at both electrodes. The electrolyte must therefore be composed in a way that its decomposition products form a film on the electrodes which stops the decomposition reactions but is still permeable to the Li(+) cations which are the charge carriers. At the graphite anode, this film is commonly referred to as a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). Aprotic organic compounds containing vinylene groups can form an effective SEI on a graphitic anode. As examples, vinyl acetate (VA) and acrylonitrile (AN) have been investigated by in-situ Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy in a specially developed IR cell. The measurements focus on electrolyte decomposition and the mechanism of SEI formation in the presence of VA and AN. We conclude that cathodic reduction of the vinylene groups (i.e., via reduction of the double bond) in the electrolyte additives is the initiating and thus a most important step of the SEI-formation process, even in an electrolyte which contains only a few percent (i.e. electrolyte additive amounts) of the compound. The possibility of electropolymerization of the vinylene monomers in the battery electrolytes used is critically discussed on the basis of the IR data obtained.     

The effects of chronic hypoperfusion on rat cranial bone mineral and organic matrix

Arteriovenous malformations (AVM) of the brain, errors in the development of the vasculature, produce high flow arteriovenous shunts. They steal blood from surrounding brain tissue, which is chronically hypoperfused. Hypoperfusion is a condition of inadequate tissue perfusion and oxygenation resulting in abnormal tissue metabolism. In the present study Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to investigate the effects of hypoperfusion on rat cranial bone mineral and organic matrix at the molecular level. FTIR spectroscopic analysis revealed that in cranial bones of an experimental group the relative amount of carbonate and phosphate groups increased whereas that of protein (amide I) decreased. Curve-fitting analysis of the v₂ carbonate band showed that amounts of type A and type B carbonates increased slightly (p=0.423 for both) whereas, type L carbonate decreased slightly (p=0.522) in hypoperfused cranial bones. Analysis of the C–H region revealed a significant increase (p=0.037) in the lipid to protein ratio. Because the lipid content is high, hypoperfused cranial bone tissue is more prone to lipid peroxidation. Dialdehydes derived from lipid peroxidation can make cross-links with collagen and might lead to disturbances in the collagen cross-link profile. The 1660 cm^–1/1690 cm^–1 partial area ratio derived from curve-fitting analysis of the Amide I band is sensitive to the relative amount of collagen non-reducible cross-link hydroxylysyl/lysylpyridinolines (Pyr) and reducible cross-link dihydroxylysinonorleucine (DHLNL) and this ratio reflects collagen maturity. In chronic hypoperfusion a significant decrease (p=0.004) was observed in this ratio. This means there were less mature collagen cross-links. Disturbances in the collagen maturation can affect mineralization process and lead to formation of pathologic structures in cranial bones. These findings clearly demonstrate that FTIR spectroscopy can be used to extract valuable information at molecular level, leading to better understanding of the effect of hypoperfusion on rat cranial bones.