Index for vehicle acoustical comfort inside a passenger car

Sound quality is among the main factors that influence customers’ preference for choosing good automobile products. It all started more than 10 years ago and grows up so fast due to high competition in the automotive industries. A-weighted noise levels and sound power are usually utilised to measure the noise but they are not adequate to characterise the impact sound inside a car. The most popular approach to determine sound quality of a product is to define an annoyance or specific index, which involves both subjective and objective evaluations. Subjective and objective tests should be studied concurrently in order to determine the sound quality inside a passenger car. This approach is used in this paper to evaluate vehicle comfort index according to most frequently used sound quality metrics, namely; Zwicker loudness, sharpness, roughness and fluctuation strength. As a result researchers of different fields of automotive acoustics investigations can use this index according to the type of road (international road roughness) without any need to perform time-consuming jury tests. The metrics are correlated with jury test results that show which of them and how much has affected the acoustical comfort of the vehicle. The relation between road roughness and vehicle acoustical comfort index is another point of interest in this research.     

等效道路线声源位置优化研究

计算道路交通噪声时,一般将每个车道等效为1个线声源。有时,为了简化计算,将道路等效为1个线声源,等效线声源位置为道路中轴;或等效为2个线声源,等效线声源位置为道路两侧中心线或两侧最外车道中心线。推导不同等效方法下观测点噪声的计算公式,并探讨不同等效方法引起的误差。研究结果表明,将道路等效为2个线声源,等效线声源位置为道路两侧中心线的简化方法引起的误差最小。     

小麦超弱延迟发光测试系统

应用一种新型高灵敏度光电倍增管作为传感器,设计一套用于检测小麦超弱发光的光子计数测量系统,实现对储藏小麦超弱发光的定量测量.适当安排LED阵列分布,设计适合延迟发光需要的照明系统,通过对白光LED光源辐射等效单光子能量和流明效率的计算,建立起光照度与光子数强度之间的联系,实现了光源照射强度与样品延迟发光强度之间的定量比较.对不同光照强度下小麦样品延迟发光的测试和双曲函数拟合,探讨了小麦超弱延迟发光双曲函数拟合参量的变化规律;发现不同照射强度下存在不同的饱和照射时间;小麦超弱延迟发光强度曲线符合双曲衰减规律,超弱延迟发光持续时间达数小时.通过对光照时间和数据采集时间的精确控制,以及在拟合函数中设置延迟时间参量因子,实现了延迟发光测试数据对应时间点的精确标定.     

Sound transmission prediction by 3-D elasticity theory

The problem of sound transmission through layered panel structures is studied with the exact theory of three-dimensional (3-D) elasticity. The exact solution to the 3-D elasticity equations is obtained by the use of the Fourier spectral method. Based on this analytical solution, a transfer matrix is derived that relates the spectral displacements and stresses on the one surface of the panel to those on the opposite panel surface. The transfer matrix is then used to develop the analytical solutions for sound reflection and transmission coefficients. Explicit, concise expressions are obtained for the analytical solutions of the acoustic transmission and reflection coefficients under the general conditions of layered anisotropic panels. Examples are given for both single-layer and sandwich panels. Predictions on sound transmission from the 3-D elasticity theory are compared with available data from other methods, and the results are discussed.     

Assessment of sandwich models for the prediction of sound transmission loss in unidirectional sandwich panels

The consistent higher-order approach and the two-parameter foundation formulation are used for the derivation of sound transmission loss in symmetric unidirectional (infinitely wide) sandwich panels with isotropic face sheets. In both models, transmission loss is calculated using decoupled equations representing symmetric and anti-symmetric motions of a sandwich panel. The closed-form expressions for impedances and transmission coefficient of a symmetric sandwich panel with an isotropic core are derived for the two-parameter foundation model. A comparison between the numerical predictions based on the two sandwich models and available experimental data shows that the consistent higher-order formulation can be used to predict the transmission loss in symmetric sandwich panels with both honeycomb and isotropic cores. For prediction of transmission loss of symmetric sandwich panels with an isotropic core, the two-parameter foundation model is more convenient, while the consistent higher-order approach is more accurate.     

液体中光击穿所激发声场的理论研究

以液体中光击穿所激发声场为研究对象,在等离子体椭球模型的基础上,为方便理论计算,简化等离子体椭球模型,提出了等离子体椭圆盘模型,对光击穿所激发声场进行了理论研究.得到了等离子体椭圆盘辐射声场的声压规律,并利用椭圆坐标变换,依据马修函数特性和模态的正交性,求得了等离子体椭圆盘振动位移的解析表达式.     

采用球谐分解的二范数广义逆波束形成

基于传声器阵列的声成像技术是解决噪声源识别的有效途径之一.该文提出了一种基于球谐分解的L2范数广义逆波束形成算法,并对此算法在分布式球形阵列布放方案下进行了定位精度及鲁棒性的对比分析研究.仿真结果显示,此算法对低频相干声源具有较高的空间定位精确度,且阵元位置误差对此算法性能的影响有限.通过在半消声室进行实验进一步证明了...     

声源分布和超声频率对清洗声场均匀性的优化*

驻波和换能器指向性等影响声场均匀性,造成清洗死角,影响清洗效果。采用COMSOL仿真软件建立了单个换能器位于底部的三维模型,通过染色法实验结果验证模型的有效性。研究了换能器同时位于底部和侧面、多排换能器位于底部时的声场,用声压幅值相对标准差来量化均匀性,发现该两种换能器分布方式能够有效优化声场均匀性。通过调节频率研究频率对声场的影响,进一步优化声场均匀性。对声源分布的确定、频率的选择以满足声场均匀化需求有指导意义。     

Unique ion beam scattering technique on depth profile determination

Abstract

By combination of energy and time of flight detection in ERDA or NRA measurement, the particles' masses can be determined, additionally to the depth information. This leads to unique depth profile determination even for complex targets. Combination with th concept of Jacobi transformations results in extremely fast measurements. In this paper, a way is shown how this concept can be realized even for accelerators ofenergies as low as about 1 MeV.     

Central configurations of the collinear three-body problem and singular surfaces in the mass space

This Letter is to provide a new approach to study the phenomena of degeneracy of the number of the collinear central configurations under geometric equivalence. A direct and simple explicit parametric expression of the singular surface H₃ is constructed in the mass space (m₁,m₂,m₃)∈³(R⁺). The construction of H₃ is from an inverse respective, that is, by specifying positions for the bodies and then determining the masses that are possible to yield a central configuration. It reveals the relationship between the phenomena of degeneracy and the inverse problem of central configurations. We prove that the number of central configurations is decreased to 3!/2−1=2, m₁, m₂, and m₃ are mutually distinct if m∈H₃. Moreover, we know not only the number of central configurations but also what the nonequivalent central configurations are.