负载型钾盐催化剂用于合成苯甲醚的研究

采用固定床连续进料的反应器代替传统间歇反应釜作为评价反应器,以环境友好的碳酸二甲酯为甲基化试剂,由苯酚合成苯甲醚的反应新工艺。采用SiO2负载的钾盐类催化剂,考察了反应温度、进料空速、原料配比、活性组分负载量以及催化剂用量等对反应性能的影响。研究表明,在该负载型钾盐催化剂上苯酚的转化率均较高,且生成苯甲醚的选择性较好。尤其是在KF/SiO2催化剂上,在DMC/苯酚摩尔比为2∶1,进料空速为2 h-1,反应温度为250℃时,苯甲醚收率和选择性分别高达93.93%和98.19%。而且该负载型催化剂活性比较稳定,未发现活性组分流失,反应运行16 h催化剂未见失活。     

Green processes for the extraction of bioactives from Rosemary: Chemical and functional characterization via ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and in-vitro assays

In this contribution, the performance of three different extraction procedures towards the extraction of antioxidants from rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) is presented. Namely, pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), using water and ethanol as solvents, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), using neat CO₂ and supercritical CO₂ modified with ethanol, as well as a novel extraction process called Water Extraction and Particle formation On-line (WEPO) are directly compared. Different extraction conditions including temperatures, times and pressures have been studied. The produced extracts have been characterized in terms of extraction yield, antioxidant activity (using the DPPH radical scavenging method) and total phenols (using the Folin method). Besides, all the extracts have been chemically characterized using a new quantitative UPLC-MS/MS method. This method allowed the determination of the main antioxidants present in rosemary, including, among others, rosmarinic acid, carnosic acid and carnosol, attaining detection limits as low as 2 ng/mL. The results obtained in this study show that PLE using ethanol at high temperatures (200 °C) was able to produce extracts with high antioxidant activity (EC₅₀ 8.8 μg/mL) and high yield (ca. 40%) while efficiently extracting antioxidants of diverse polarity, among them, carnosic and rosmarinic acids, regarded as the most important antioxidants present in rosemary. Nevertheless, in this work, the ability of the three studied environmentally friendly extraction techniques to obtain bioactives from natural sources is demonstrated.     

不确定条件下环境友好型资源分配二层规划模型

本文讨论了不确定条件下环境友好型的资源分配问题:其中总公司作为上层领导者在各下属工厂间合理分配资源,以期获得最大收益的同时降低对环境的污染程度;而作为下层从属者的各工厂决定各自产量以期获得最大利润。该问题中的产品价格、生产成本、资源成本等被考虑为随机变量,环境污染指数被考虑为模糊变量,因而本文构造了不确定条件下的机会约束二层资源分配模型。运用等价定理对模型进行转换,并采用交互式满意度法将二层模型转化为单层模型以便求解。最后通过数值算例证实了模型和算法的可行性与有效性。此外,由于模型含有影响模型解的参数,故基于满意度和置信水平分别进行了灵敏度分析,进一步验证了所提出模型的科学性。     

精氨酸水相催化直接羟醛缩合反应：一个 环境友好的反应体系

本文研究了精氨酸在水中催化羟醛缩合反应,结果表明：精氨酸在水相中可作为一种高效的有机小分子催化剂,催化缺电子芳香醛与酮间的反应,催化剂精氨酸可以回收重复使用10次,催化活性基本不变。     

环境敏感性聚合物膜的制备及应用进展

介绍了环境敏感性聚合物膜的分类和特性 ,综述了环境敏感性聚合物膜制备方法的最新进展 ,并阐述了环境敏感性聚合物膜的应用现状以及发展方向。     

溴代稠环芳烃的氧化溴化法合成

以HBr/H2O2为溴化体系,采用氧化溴化法合成了6种稠环芳烃的溴化物。 合成反应无需催化剂,通过控制反应温度和溴化试剂用量,可以在稠环芳烃化合物的活性位选择性地单溴化或双溴化,产率可达51.1%～94.2%。 产品经熔点和1H NMR法确认,合成操作简单安全,环境污染少,有工业应用前景。     

Liquid–liquid equilibria of the ternary system water + acetic acid + dimethyl adipate

Liquid–liquid equilibrium (LLE) data of water + acetic acid + dimethyl adipate have been determined experimentally at 298.15, 308.15 and 318.15 K. Complete phase diagrams were obtained by determining binodal curve and tie-lines. The reliability of the experimental tie-line data was confirmed by using the Othmer-Tobias correlation. UNIFAC and modified UNIFAC models were used to predict the phase equilibrium in the system using the interaction parameters determined from experimental data of CH₂, CH₃COO, CH₃, COOH, and H₂O functional groups. Distribution coefficients and separation factors were evaluated for the immiscibility region.     

低共熔溶剂回收锂离子电池正极材料的研究

废旧锂离子电池不仅造成了严重的资源浪费同时还带来严重的环境污染问题.传统锂离子电池材料回收方法存在高能耗、高成本以及二次污染等不足.本文成功制备出乙二醇/氯化锌低共熔溶剂(DES),利用其对金属氧化物优秀的溶解能力,用于三元锂离子电池正极材料有价金属的回收,并分析了不同氯化锌浓度对低共熔溶剂热物性及其浸取能力的影响,对...     

Additives for controlled degradation of agricultural plastics: ENVIROCARETM

ENVIROCARE^TM additives are specialty chemicals that can be added to conventional thermoplastic polymers to obtain degradable agricultural plastic articles. Their main benefits are connected with their possible incorporation in “commodity plastics”. This allows the production of degradable agriculture plastic articles processable with standard manufacturing machines, without negative effects on the main properties of the plastic article and with evident costs advantages. Furthermore, required outdoor exposure lifetimes for different articles and different environmental conditions can be modulated with the incorporation of the appropriate additive loading in the plastic and with combinations of selected stabilizers. Mulch films, small tunnel films, banana bags and sleeves, direct covers, non-woven, ropes, twines and pots are convenient agricultural applications for this technology. ENVIROCARE^TM products induce plastic degradation following a two steps mechanism: first the plastic is photo- and thermo-oxidized during the outdoor exposure; once the degradation process has been activated by light or heat, ENVIROCARE^TM acts by increasing the degradation rate and degradation continues until the article is totally degraded. Since degradation is both photolytically and thermally triggered, degradation occurs both at the surface and in the soil. Experimental laboratory results allow the assessment of the contribution of different important parameters - i.e. type of polymer, type of article, presence of other stabilizers/additives or pigments, different environmental conditions- on the control of the article lifetime and degradation. Field exposure in different environments integrates the test results and allows for the design of the additive systems adapted to the specific needs.     

Eco-friendly synthesis of guanidinyltetrazole compounds and 5-substituted 1H-tetrazoles in water under microwave irradiation

We have developed simple, short time, cost effective, purification of products by non-chromatographic methods and environmentally benign protocol for the synthesis of guanidinyltetrazoles and 5-substituted 1H-tetrazoles derivatives via [2,3]cyclo-addition reaction of nitriles and azide derivatives in water under microwave irradiation. All the synthesized products are screened for their in vitro antimicrobial activity. The synthesized compounds were obtained in excellent yield (85–98%).