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51.
Syhi-Hwan Chen 《中国化学会会志》1997,44(2):115-121
The purpose of this investigation is to try and understand the degree of arsenic poisoning in the waste water from agricultural chemical factories which release effluents into the waterways in their vicinity. The method of determination is to use the water samples, soil, fish, clams, shell-fish, etc. found in the areas along the canals and aqueducts and those which lie upstream, midstream, and downstream and also the hair samples of people living in the contiguous areas, to check for the levels of arsenic in them by emission spectroscopy. From the analysis during a one year investigation, we find that the level of As in the water creatures of Chungkang Stream and Lu-Er-Men Stream is much higher than in the other water areas of Taiwan such as along beaches and the other rivers; the levels in the hair of the people who live nearby these water courses have a certain degree of correspondence with their eating habits and the quantity of food eaten; however, even those people who eat relatively little have almost 3% As, beyond the 2 mg/kg limit allowed for human beings. We are fully aware of the high level of food contamination on Taiwan, and this fact has been taken into consideration. The effect of As contamination in the soil on agricultural produce does not seem to have any apparent relationship. By the way, the influence of the monthly average rainfall on As contamination in the soil is not obvious. 相似文献
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Biosensors for environmental pollutants and food contaminants 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Baeumner AJ 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2003,377(3):434-445
This review article provides an overview of the most recent literature on biosensors for environmental pollutants and food contaminants. Due to the large number of publications, only papers published between 2000 and January 2003 were considered. Also, while not all of the published literature could be reviewed here, over 200 references are cited to provide a good overview of research undertaken in the last two years. Older publications are covered by a number of earlier review articles. This article provides an introduction into the field including specific consideration of the application areas, describes the typical biosensor assay format used, and is subsequently structured according to the biorecognition elements used (i.e., nucleic acids, enzymes, whole cells, tissue and whole organisms, antibodies and receptors, and biomimetic materials). In addition, a section on microbiosensing systems is provided. Since only very few microbiosensors with applications in environmental and food systems have been published, enabling technology is also covered in this article.Abbreviations BOD biological oxygen demand - cfu colony forming units - DNP dinitrophenol - GFP green fluorescent protein - NASBA nucleic acid sequence-based amplification - PCR polymerase chain reaction - ppt parts per trillion - QCM quartz crystal microbalance - SPR surface plasmon resonance 相似文献
55.
Sample preparation in analysis of pharmaceuticals 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Dragana Mutavdi Pavlovi Sandra Babi Alka J.M. Horvat Marija Katelan-Macan 《Trends in analytical chemistry : TRAC》2007,26(11):1062-1075
Sample preparation is a very important and essential step in environmental analysis. This article presents an overview of extraction methods for environmental samples, focusing especially on pharmaceuticals as there is great concern about them as pollutants. 相似文献
56.
Pérez Pavón JL Guerrero Peña A García Pinto C Moreno Cordero B 《Journal of chromatography. A》2004,1047(1):101-109
The direct coupling of a headspace sampler with a mass spectrometer is proposed as a screening tool for the rapid detection of soil pollution by hydrocarbons from petroleum and derivatives. The samples are subjected to the headspace generation process, with no prior treatment, and the volatiles generated are introduced directly into the mass spectrometer, thereby obtaining a fingerprint of the sample analysed. Suitable treatment of the signal by chemometric techniques allows unequivocal characterisation of the different types of sample. The use of fast gas chromatography with a mass spectrometer detector coupled to the headspace sampler allows identification of the major hydrocarbons present in the mineral and organic polluted samples, interpretation of the results obtained, and demonstrates the analytical potential of headspace-mass spectrometry coupling. 相似文献
57.
Bixing Fang Lina Dong Xingwei Ding YingZi Ren Zhongsheng Lv Kuan Liu Feng Zhang Wei Zhang Jianjian Deng Hongbo Xin Xiaolei Wang 《中国化学快报》2019,30(6):1178-1181
Black fungus aerogel (BFA) exhibited interesting double-faced properties. Weexplored the diverse properties of each side of the black fungus in three aspects:water contact angle measurements, liquid selective absorption capacity and air pollutant adsorption abilities. 相似文献
58.
We demonstrate that the selectivity of microchip electrophoresis separations is greatly improved by the presence of organically modified silica (Ormosil) sols in the run buffer. A negatively-charged N-(trimethoxysilylpropyl)ethylenediamine triacetic-acid (TETT)-based sol is used for improving the selectivity between nitroaromatic explosives and a methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMOS)-based sol is employed for enhancing the microchip separation of environmental pollutants, aminophenols. These sols are added to the run buffer and act as pseudostationary phases. Their presence in the run buffer changes the apparent mobility of studied solutes, and leads to a higher resolution. The observed mobilities changes reflect the interactions between the Ormosil sols and the solutes. Relevant experimental variables have been characterized and optimized. The diverse chemistry of Ormosil sols should be extremely useful for tailoring the selectivity of a wide range of electrophoresis microchip separations. 相似文献
59.
巢湖主要入湖河道磷的污染现状 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
为了解巢湖主要入湖河道中总磷的污染状况,进行了为期三年每月一次的污染调查,十五里河、南淝河、双桥河,污染较重,超出了(GH281-1999)《地表水环境质量标准》的V娄标准。污染主要来自工业废水、生活污水、和农业面源。认为只有开展农业面源污染治理,城市环境综合整治,城市环境综合整治,加强和削减农业化肥的使用量,使得入湖河道水质变好,巢湖的富营养化才能得到控制。 相似文献
60.
This work presents a method to separate polar naphthalenesulfonate (NS) isomers by capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) with ultraviolet detection in industrial effluents and river water samples. The method involves extraction of samples by a polystyrene‐divinylbenzene copolymer (PS‐DVB) solid‐phase extraction (SPE) cartridge. The most effective CZE separation conditions were obtained in 20 mM borate buffer with 30% acetonitrile at pH 9.0 and 30 °C. The method proposed herein provides a high precision and sensitivity for NS isomers, to quantitation at ≤ 1.0 μg/L in 200 mL of the water samples. Recovery of the NS isomers in spiked water samples ranged from 73% to 87% while RSD ranging from 5.6 to 9.7%. The analysis of industrial effluents and river water samples was performed and naphthalene‐2‐sulfonate was found as a major pollutant. The difficulties in quantitating and identifying analytes in complex environmental samples can be resolved by using an internal standard response factor to calculate concentrations and relative migration times for peak confirmation. 相似文献