Application of electromagnetic processing for development of high-performance sintered powder metal parts

Electromagnetic processing was used to study the effects of electro-magneto forming on the dimensional control and thermal stability of sintered powder metal (PM) parts. The investigation was carried out on sinter-hardened, low chromium-molybdenum bainitic steel. The results show an increase in the microhardness of about 14% for the electromagnetic processed parts compared to the as-sintered parts. This was attributed to the 2% increase in the density, 17% and 29% reduction in the volume fraction of porosity and width of the bainitic lath, respectively, due to the electromagnetic processing. Dimensional characterization was carried out using a vertically aligned push-rod dilatometer. After four thermal cycles of heating and cooling, at a controlled rate of 5 °C/min to 1000 °C, the electromagnetic processed parts exhibited reduced dimensional change of about 44% lower than for the as-sintered parts. This is significantly important for applications that demand high dimensional tolerance and performance, especially at elevated temperatures.     

双功能聚二甲基硅氧烷/铜纳米线复合薄膜的制备与性能

通过环境友好的葡萄糖模板法和改进的湿化学还原法制备了聚二甲基硅氧烷/铜纳米线(PDMS/CuNWs)复合薄膜, 其采用的“类夹心结构”有效解决了铜在空气中易氧化进而导致电导率大幅度下降的问题, 同时获得了具有优异电磁屏蔽和光热转化性能的双功能轻质柔性复合薄膜. CuNWs面密度为1.6 g/cm²的复合薄膜在重复弯折1000次后性能保持率最高可达99.07％; CuNWs面密度为2.4 g/cm²的复合薄膜在X波段下总电磁屏蔽效能达到30.1 dB, 屏蔽效率达到99.9％; 同时, 在2 W/cm²的近红外光照射下, 复合薄膜在仅加热15 s后其表面温度高达211.2 ℃, 具有十分快速的光热响应和转化效率.     

中空多壳层结构在电磁波领域中的应用

中空多壳层结构(HoMSs)是一种以纳米颗粒为结构单元构筑而成的具有多界面、 多维度的微纳米级宏观组装体, 具有次序排列的多个壳层及相互连通的多个空腔, 被认为是电磁波领域极具应用前景的功能材料. 本文主要从电磁波捕获、 传输及能量转换3个角度详细阐述HoMSs在电磁波领域应用中的独特优势, 浅析了HoMSs壳层数目、 壳层厚度、 壳层间距、 壳层组成等结构参数对电磁波传输与利用的影响规律, 并预测了HoMSs在电磁波领域的发展趋势, 以期为实现电磁波的高效利用提供参考.     

Effect of nanoparticle network formation on electromagnetic properties and cell morphology of microcellular polymer nanocomposite foams

Adding high loadings of nanoparticles can remarkably alter the functionality of polymer nanocomposite foams. Therefore, this dramatic change was studied at the percolation threshold as a point to predict the properties of foamed nanocomposites using the viscoelastic characteristics of un-foamed ones. In this research, the effect of incorporating 10–40 wt% of ZnO nanoparticles on rheological properties of PS/ZnO samples was investigated. Then, these samples were foamed at processing temperatures of 80 and 120 °C to study morphology and electromagnetic properties. First, the rheological study showed that the storage modulus of nanocomposites increased significantly above 20 wt% of nanoparticles. A connected network of nanoparticles altered the microstructure of nanocomposite at this rheological percolation. The morphological results show a higher cell density for foamed samples above the rheological percolation. From electromagnetic properties, the effect of ZnO connected network is obvious on the absorption enhancement for 30 and 40 wt% and only for 40 wt% of ZnO at 80 and 120 °C, respectively. Therefore, the viscoelastic properties of samples are still dominant at the lower temperature, but the foam structure became more important at the higher temperatures. This shows that the role of the filler network faded at the higher temperature and electromagnetic properties were changed with the foam structure. The microstructure expansion results in the decrease of filler amount at a fixed volume of foams, so more filler fraction is required to form a connected network of nanoparticles.     

EMI shielding and dynamic mechanical analysis of graphene oxide-carbon nanotube-acrylonitrile butadiene styrene hybrid composites

Carbon nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene and their hybrid have been studied extensively. Despite having excellent properties of CNTs and graphene have not yet been fully realized in the polymer composites. During fabrication agglomeration of CNTs and restacking of graphene is a serious concern that results in the degradation of properties of nanomaterials into the final composites. To improve the dispersion of CNTs and restacking graphene, in the present research work, we focused on the hybridization of graphene oxide and CNTs. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), functionalized carbon nanotubes (FCNTs), and graphene oxide-carbon nanotubes (GCNTs) reinforced acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) composites were prepared separately by vacuum filtration followed by hot compression molding. Further, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding properties of ABS composites reinforced carbon nanofillers were investigated. The dynamic mechanical properties of polymers strongly depend on the adhesion of fillers and polymer, entanglement density of polymer chains in the presence of carbon fillers. The dynamic mechanical characteristics such as storage, loss modulus, and damping factor of prepared composites were significantly affected by the incorporation of MWCNTs, FCNTs, and GCNTs. Maximum EMI shielding effectiveness of −49.6 dB was achieved for GCNT-ABS composites which were highest compared to MWCNTs-ABS composites (−38.6 dB) and FCNTs-ABS composites (−36.7 dB) in the Ku band (12.4–18 GHz). These results depict the great potential of GCNTs-ABS composites to be used in various applications of efficient heat dissipative EMI shielding materials for electronic devices.     

四分之一超导谐振腔的仿真对比

超导量子电路已成为实现量子计算机的主流技术路线之一,其中四分之一波长超导谐振腔主要用于读取量子比特的状态信息,是实现超导量子电路的关键器件.本文设计了四分之一波长超导谐振腔,利用两种电磁仿真算法(有限元法以及矩量法),对超导谐振腔的传输特性进行建模仿真验证.制备出了设计的超导谐振腔样品,在20±5 mK的低温环境下对其传输特性进行测量.通过仿真结果与设计值和实测值进行对比研究,发现基于矩量法的sonnet软件在仿真准确性、仿真速率以及资源消耗等方面都优于基于有限元法的HFSS软件.同时研究了谐振腔之间的串扰对仿真精度的影响,当谐振腔数目不多时,其相互之间串扰的影响几乎可以忽略.     

反射式红外传感器在智能型节水系统中的应用

利用反射式红外传感器和少量的电子器件(单稳态触发器),研制了智能型节水控制系统。该系统能够识别是否有人入厕,酌情产生冲洗信号, 躯动进水电磁阀开启,向浮球式水箱内注水,待注满足以冲刷干净所需的两水箱水后,便自动地切断电磁阀中电源,达到了既卫生又节约的目的。在某一教学楼应用该系统一年多来,与无使用此系统的同规模另一教学楼相比,节水约70％。该系统元件少、成本低、结构合理、工作可靠、安装容易、维修方便,有广阔的应用前景。     

Accelerating electromagnetic magic field from the C-metric

Various aspects of the C-metric representing two rotating charged black holes accelerated in opposite directions are summarized and its limits are considered. A particular attention is paid to the special-relativistic limit in which the electromagnetic field becomes the “magic field” of two oppositely accelerated rotating charged relativistic discs. When the acceleration vanishes the usual electromagnetic magic field of the Kerr–Newman black hole with gravitational constant set to zero arises. Properties of the accelerated discs and the fields produced are studied and illustrated graphically. The charges at the rim of the accelerated discs move along spiral trajectories with the speed of light. If the magic field has some deeper connection with the field of the Dirac electron, as is sometimes conjectured because of the same gyromagnetic ratio, the “accelerating magic field” represents the electromagnetic field of a uniformly accelerated spinning electron. It generalizes the classical Born’s solution for two uniformly accelerated monopole charges.     

Photonic gap vanishing in one-dimensional photonic crystals with single-negative metamaterials

The properties of photonic band gap in one-dimensional photonic crystals composed of single-negative metamaterials are studied theoretically. Our study shows that the photonic gap will vanish at a certain incident angle when both the phase-match and impedance-match conditions are satisfied simultaneously, suggesting that the bandwidth and location of the photonic gap are strongly dependent on the incident angle and polarization. However, the photonic gap will not vanish and may become insensitive to the incident angle when the two match conditions cannot be met. Our study also shows that losses in metamaterials have little effect on the properties of the photonic gap.     

Design of electromagnetic cloaks and concentrators using form-invariant coordinate transformations of Maxwell’s equations

The technique of applying form-invariant, spatial coordinate transformations of Maxwell’s equations can facilitate the design of structures with unique electromagnetic or optical functionality. Here, we illustrate the transformation-optical approach in the designs of a square electromagnetic cloak and an omni-directional electromagnetic field concentrator. The transformation equations are described and the functionality of the devices is numerically confirmed by two-dimensional finite element simulations. The two devices presented demonstrate that the transformation optic approach leads to the specification of complex, anisotropic and inhomogeneous materials with well directed and distinct electromagnetic behavior.