3D FDTD Implementation for Scattering of Electric Anisotropic Dispersive Medium Using Recursive Convolution Method

The finite-difference time-domain method based on recursive convoltion method (RC-FDTD) for the electric anisotropic dispersive medium is discussed in detail. To exemplify the availability of the three-dimensional RC-FDTD algorithm, the backscattering Radar-Cross-Section(RCS) of a non-magnetized plasma sphere is computed, and the numerical results are the same as the one of the Shift Operater-FDTD method, and show that the RC-FDTD method is correct and efficient. In addition, the co-polarized and cross-polarized backscattering time-domain of a magnetized plasma sphere are obtained by the RC-FDTD algorithm. The results show that when the external magnetic field is implemented, the cross-polarized component appear, evidently.     

The origin of spectral distortion in electric field modulation spectroscopy based on scanning tunneling microscopy

Electric field modulation spectroscopy using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM-EFMS) measurements were performed for a Si(1 1 1) surface with epitaxially-grown β-FeSi₂ islands. STM-EFMS spectra acquired around the indirect energy gap of Si reproduced the photon energy peak position observed in conventional macroscopic EFMS experiments. However, a considerable discrepancy was found in the energy position of the accompanying spectral dip. We examined two possibilities for the cause of this discrepancy. The first interpretation is that the STM-‘EFMS’ spectra may simply reflect the local density of states based on essentially the same principle as that of tunneling spectroscopy. However, this interpretation is ruled out by the facts that almost identical STM-EFMS spectra are obtained also out of the regime of tunneling. The second interpretation is a spectral distortion due to a large electric field steadily built in the sample surface, which is supported experimentally by a spectral shift of the dip energy that is induced by altering the tip-induced band bending.     

Phase-shift analysis of electric conductance through nanostructure bridges

We present our theoretical studies of electric conductance through nanostructure bridges. A simple expression of the electric conductance is obtained by using the phase-shift analysis. The phase-shifts are given by solving the characteristic equation obtained by extending the method applied to the single impurity problem in the metal. It is shown that the importance of the effect due to multiple orbitals in nanostructures. The conductance of the chain consisting atoms with sp_z character such as Al is given.     

A revised model for the paired-electron gas plasma in a magnetic field and its application to experimental determinations on weakly ionized rare-gas plasmas

Summary The formation of electron pairs at the glass walls of the enclosing container in a low-pressure, high-frequency, electrodeless, rare-gas discharge is discussed. The pairs drift towards the discharge tube axis under the acceleration of the weak radial-space-charge electric field. The properties of the gas in an uniform magnetic field are outlined in a model which is subsequently applied to experimental data from four different experiments in four rare gases. Determinations of plasma parameters from the analyses of the experiments are found to agree. The values for the pair aggregation number,n′, for the excited plasmas on the tube axis range from one at low-power excitation to between ten and twenty at higher powers. In the afterglow plasmas following the cessation of the energizing current pulse (which is typically 20 ms in duration), the aggregation number varies from one in the body of the gas to between one and five on the tube axis. The direct evidence for the presence of electron pairs, and aggregates of electron pairs, is obtained from the ≪spin-flip≫ of single electrons of a pair in a magnetic field, an event which destroys the pair, or pair aggregate, and the associated experimental phenomena.

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Riassunto Si discute la formazione di coppie di elettroni, sulle pareti di vetro del contenitore circostante in una discarica a bassa pressione, alta frequenza, senza elettrodi e a gas rari. Le coppie si spostano verso l’asse del tubo della discarica con l’accelerazione del campo elettrico debole con carica di spazio radiale. Le proprietà del gas in un campo magnetico uniforme sono sottolineate in un modello che è successivamente applicato a dati sperimentali da quattro diversi esperimenti in quattro gas rari. Si trova che i valori dei parametri del plasma dalle analisi degli esperimenti sono in accordo. I valori del numero di aggregazione della coppia,n′, per i plasma eccitati sugli assi del tubo variano da 1 ad eccitazione a bassa potenza a 10÷20 ad alte potenze. Nei plasmi a fluorescenza che seguono la cessazione dell’impulso di corrente energizzante (che dura tipicamente 20 ms) il numero di aggregazione varia da uno nel corpo del gas a 1÷5 sull’asse del tubo. La prova diretta della presenza delle coppie di elettroni, e di aggregati di coppie di elettroni è ottenuta dallo ≪spin-flip≫ di elettroni singoli di una coppia in un campo magnetico, un evento che distrugge la coppia, o l’aggregato di coppie, e dagli associati fenomeni sperimentali.

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Резюме Обсуждается образование электронных пар на стеклянных стенках замкнутого контейнера при высокочастотном, безэлектродном разряде в разреженном газе при низком давлении. Пары дрейфуют по направлению к оси разрядной трубки под действием электрического поля слабого радиального пространственного заряда. Описываются свойства газа в однородном магнитном поле, используя модель, которая впоследствии применяется к экспериментальным данным из четырех различных экспериментов, проведенных для четырех разреженных газов. Обнаружено хорошее согласие при определении параметроб плазмы из анализа указанных экспериментов. Значения для числа электронных пар в агрегации,n′, для возбужденной плазмы на оси трубки изменяется от единицы при инзкой степени возбуждения до величины между десятью и двадцатью при высоких степенях возбуждения. При послесвечении плазмы, после прекращения возбуждающего имлульса тока (который обычно имеет длительность 20 мс), число пар в агрегации изменяется от единицы в объеме газа до величины между единицей и пятью на оси трубки. Получено прямое подтверждение для наличия электронных пар и агрегаций электронных пар из изменения ориентции спина отдельных злектронов пары в магнитном поле, т.е. из события, которое разрушает пару или агрегации рар, и из связанных экспериментальных явлений.

     

Quantum simulations of toroidal electric ring currents and magnetic fields in linear molecules induced by circularly polarized laser pulses

Circularly polarized laser pulses may excite state selective unidirectional toroidal electric ring currents around the axis of oriented linear molecules. These in turn induce state selective magnetic fields. Quantum simulations for AlCl show that these effects are about one or even more than three orders of magnitudes larger than those which may be prepared in oriented planar molecules such as Mg-porphyrin, by means of either circularly polarized laser pulses, or by traditional magnetic fields, respectively.     

Theoretical study of14N pure quadrupole resonance in amino acids

The theoretical hybridization model of Vega is adapted to the tetrahedral environment around the nitrogen nucleus in eleven amino acids to estimate the orbital occupation numbers using the experimental values of the quadrupole coupling constant and asymmetry parameter of¹⁴N quadrupole resonance and the results are discussed.     

Comparative study on degradation of ethylene-propylene rubber for nuclear cables from gamma and beta irradiation

Considering safety is the priority concern of nuclear power plants, equipment qualification testing of the nuclear components manufactured should be paid special attention to. Thereinto, equivalent conversion (1:1) from the absorbed beta doses to gamma doses is a rule of thumb for irradiation qualification testing of the polymers used as nuclear cables, however whether it is reasonable and applicable to Chinese domestic polymers still requires investigation. In this paper, both gamma and beta irradiation testing with the actual dose rates and total absorbed doses in China Advanced Passive (CAP) series nuclear power plant was performed upon one domestically manufactured ethylene-propylene rubber intended for nuclear cable insulation in China. The mechanical and the electrical properties before and after irradiation were measured to compare the extent and the trend of degradation between the two irradiation types, and related oxidation degradation mechanism especially its attenuation along the thickness was quantitatively addressed.     

中空TiO_2微球的制备及对聚丙烯酸酯薄膜性能的影响

采用阳离子聚苯乙烯微球作为模板,钛酸四丁酯为钛源,氨水为催化剂,制备了中空TiO_2微球.采用X射线衍射、扫描电镜及比表面测定仪对其形貌和结构进行了表征,并考察了模板粒径、钛源用量以及催化剂用量对中空TiO_2微球形貌的影响.通过物理共混法将其引入至聚丙烯酸酯乳液中并成膜,研究了复合薄膜的保温性能、抗紫外性能及力学性能.结果表明,锐钛矿相中空TiO_2微球模板粒径、钛源用量以及催化剂用量影响中空TiO_2微球的空心尺寸、壁厚及壳层致密性.中空TiO_2微球可显著提升聚丙烯酸酯薄膜的保温性能、抗紫外性能和力学性能.采用不同粒径的模板制备的中空TiO_2微球对复合薄膜的各项性能均有影响,其中模板粒径为140 nm时复合薄膜性能最优,光反射率提升63%,导热系数降低27%,且在波长小于360 nm范围内,紫外透过率几乎为0,抗张强度增加100%,断裂伸长率提升62%.     

Potential solutions to improved sound performance of volume based lightweight multi-storey timber buildings

Lightweight building systems in general suffer from poor sound insulation, especially in the low frequency region. Since no reliable mathematical models that can predict the impact sound pressure level exists, the lightweight building design is to a high extent based upon previous experience and upon measurements. A special difficulty is related to experimental measurements since the variation among identical units must not be neglected. A modern volume based lightweight wooden building concept has here been tested by numerous well controlled measurements, in laboratory as well as in more field like conditions. The volume construction technique offers new possibilities and challenges to improve sound insulation in light weight timber construction. The main purpose was to investigate how different constructional solutions in the floor, like plaster board, mineral wool, elastic glue, dividing board, floating floor etc., affect the sound insulation. Many of the tested modifications resulted in only marginally changed impact sound pressure level but parameters that substantially can improve the sound insulation were found in using elastic glue to mount the floor boards, to install extra board layers and to use floating floors.