Structure and spectroscopic aspects of water‐halide ion clusters: A study based on a conjunction of stochastic and quantum chemical methods

In this article, we propose a stochastic search based method, namely genetic algorithm in conjunction with density functional theory to evaluate structures of water‐halide microclusters, with the halide ion being Cl^?, Br^?, and I^?. Once the structures are established, we evaluate the infrared spectroscopic modes, vertical detachment energies and natural population analysis based charges. We compare our results with available experimental and theoretical results. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Effect of Rough Nanoparticle Orientation on DLVO Energy Interaction

This study investigated the effect of the orientation of rough nanoparticles on Derjaguin and Landau, Verwey and Overbeek (DLVO) energy interaction. Rippled sphere model was used to survey van der Waals attraction energy and repulsive double-layer interaction energy between nanoparticles. The effect of particle size, asperity size, number of asperities, and concentration was studied for different orientations. Spherical coordinates were used to evaluate the effect of changes in orientation under controlled conditions. Surface element integral method was used to calculate DLVO energy interactions between rough particles at specific orientations. The DLVO energy results show that a change in orientation significantly affected the stability of the nanoparticles. The stability of dispersion varied as the contact surface between nanoparticles changed.     

A New Association Term for SAFT Equation of State

This work is devoted to present a new expression for association part of SAFT equation of state. This expression is obtained by calculating the mole fraction of not bonded molecules through a general chemical theory of association. The new equation of state is named CSAFT and has one adjustable parameter less than original SAFT for pure associating fluids. The performance of CSAFT is investigated by PVT calculations for pure fluids and LLE calculations for binary and ternary mixtures. Results show that CSAFT correlates vapor pressure and liquid density data of pure associating components more accurate than SAFT. Also the accuracy of CSAFT model is much better than SAFT for LLE prediction of binary and ternary mixtures, considering SAFT has one pure component parameter more than CSAFT.     

Hamaker 2: A Toolkit for the Calculation of Particle Interactions and Suspension Stability and its Application to Mullite Synthesis by Colloidal Methods

For modern processing of ceramics at the nanoscale, the influence of interparticle interactions in the suspended state becomes increasingly important. The Hamaker 2 program has been developed for the rapid prediction of these interactions, allowing us to gain important understanding of the often delicate balance of forces in ceramic powder suspensions. This article discusses the theoretical foundation of the implemented models and shows the benefit of this predictive approach applied to mullite production by colloidal methods.     

新型π-扩展TTF衍生物的合成、晶体结构及量子化学计算

以对苯二胺为起始原料合成了2个新型的π-扩展四硫富瓦烯(TTF)衍生物,即N,N’-2(4,5-二苄硫基-1,3-二硫杂环戊烯-2-叶立德)-苯-1,4-二胺(5a)和N,N’-2(4,5-二甲酯基-1,3-二硫杂环戊烯-2-叶立德)-苯-1,4-二胺(5b),并利用氢核磁共振(1H NMR)、质谱(MS)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和单晶X射线衍射(XRD)等方法对化合物结构进行了表征.晶体结构分析结果表明,化合物5a和5b分属三斜晶系、P1空间群和单斜晶系、P21/n空间群.化合物5a和5b均为非平面结构分子,分子中对苯二亚胺平面和1,3-二硫杂环平面形成的二面角分别为87.61°(5a)和43.77°(5b).运用Gaussian 09程序,采用密度泛函理论(DFT)方法在B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p)水平上进行了量子化学计算,对化合物的前线分子轨道、静电势和电子吸收光谱进行了讨论,计算结果与实验值基本一致.     

基于第一性原理方法研究ReOx在ReOx-Rh/ZrO2和ReOx-Ir/ZrO2催化的甘油氢解反应中的作用机制

采用密度泛函理论研究了ZrO₂负载的Ru基、Rh基以及Re改性的Rh基、Ir基催化剂上甘油氢解生成1,2-丙二醇和1,3-丙二醇的热力学过程, 重点考察了ReO_x调变催化剂活性和选择性的作用机制. 结果表明, Ru/ZrO₂和Rh/ZrO₂催化剂上甘油分解经由脱水-加氢反应途径, 1,2-丙二醇的生成是热力学有利过程, 其中Ru基催化剂活性更高. 在Re修饰的Rh基和Ir基催化剂上, 反应遵循直接氢解机理, 其中金属表面解离的氢原子进攻ReO_x团簇上与醇盐紧邻的C-O键是催化甘油转化为丙二醇最核心的步骤. ReO_x-Rh/ZrO₂催化剂上1,2-丙二醇为主要产物, 并伴随1,3-丙二醇的生成, ReO_x的修饰则显著提高了Ir/ZrO₂催化剂上1,3-丙二醇选择性. 与单金属催化剂上发生的间接氢解机理相比, 修饰催化剂上1,3-丙二醇选择性的提高可主要归因于Rh(Ir)-Re协同催化的直接氢解反应过程, 其中羟基化铼官能团有利于末端醇盐中间体的生成. ReO_x-Ir/ZrO₂催化剂上较大的Ir-Re团簇使得末端金属醇盐的立体优选性比次级醇盐更为突出, 从而具有最高的1,3-丙二醇选择性.     

Theoretical Study on the Structural and Optoelectronic Properties of the Linear Perfluorooctane Sulfonate （PFOS）

The perfluoroalkyl substances(PFS) have attracted considerable attention in recent years as a persistent global pollutant to be able to bioaccumulate in higher organisms.In this paper,theoretical analysis on electronic structures,optoelectronic properties and absorption spectra properties of the perflurooctane sulfonate(PFOS) in gas phase have been investigated by using the DFT/TD-DFT method.The geometric structures,electrostatic potentials,energy gaps,ionization potentials,electron affinities,frontier molecular orbital,excitation energies and absorption spectra for the ground state of PFOS were calculated.The result indicates that the ability of accepting electron of neutral PFOS is larger than that of anionic PFOS,while the electron excited by UV irradiation from HOMO to LUMO in the anionic PFOS is easier than that in the neutral PFOS.     

Bonding of Hydroxyl and Epoxy Groups on Graphene： Insights from Density Functional Calculations

Density functional theory and GGA-PW91 exchange correlation function were performed to simulate the bonding behavior of hydroxyl and epoxy groups on the graphene surface. We compared the different binding energies for two epoxy groups, as well as one hydroxyl group and one epoxy group on all possible positions within a 6-fold ring, respectively. The calculated results suggest that two oxygen-containing groups always tend to bind with the neighboring carbon atoms at the opposite sides. Moreover, two hydroxyl groups on the meta position are unstable, and one of the hydroxyl groups easily migrates to the para position. In contrast to the disperse arrangement, the aggregation of multiply hydroxyl groups largely enhances the binding energy of every hydroxyl group. It is worth noting that the binding sites and hydrogen bonds play an important role in stability. Our work further points out the number of oxygen-containing groups and the location of oxide region largely influence the electronic properties of graphene oxide.     

Synthesis,characterisation and mesomorphic properties of ester containing aroylhydrazones and their nickel(II) complexes

A new series of mesogenic aroylhydrazone-based ligands, N-[4-(4′-alkoxy)benzoyloxybenzylidene]-N′-[4″-alkoxybenzoyl]hydrazine with either the same or different peripheral alkyl chains, and nickel(II) complexes of some of them have been synthesised. They were characterised by elemental analyses, Fourier transform infrared, proton and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. The mesomorphic properties of these compounds were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and polarising optical microscopy. All the aroylhydrazones, except those with no lateral chains on either end of the molecule and where m?=?n?=?14, 16, exhibit a monotropic or enantiotropic smectic C mesophase, which are almost insensitive to the peripheral alkoxy chain length. The square planar nickel(II) complexes of the ligands show only an isotropic phase at higher temperature (>175°C) and no mesogenic nature is observed. Density functional theory calculations have been performed using the GAUSSIAN-03 program at the Becke, three-parameter, Lee–Yang–Parr level to obtain the stable electronic structure of the ligand.     

Liquid crystal orientation in elliptic droplets in nematic emulsions

Elliptic droplets of nematic liquid crystal dispersed in a fluid organic monomer were obtained by phase separation from an isotropic mixture consisting of an organic monomer and a nematic liquid crystal contained in a poly(ethylene terephthalate) cell with inner surfaces treated with rubbed polyimide. The elliptic shape is a consequence of the constraint upon droplet growth along the direction perpendicular to the cell surfaces owing to the small thickness. Then, the resulting droplets will have a contact area with the inner surfaces of the cell treated with polyimide, which will impart a planar orientation on the liquid crystal in the droplet. By means of an optical microscope, using a simple pin hole of 5 μ m, we have selected single droplets for a series of samples having different contact areas. By polarized infrared spectroscopy we have also studied the liquid crystal orientation in selected areas of the droplets. We then report the dependence of the order parameter of the liquid crystal on different contact areas with the alignment surface of the cell. The good degree of planar alignment of the liquid crystal in the elliptic droplets allows the use of such a technique for realizing electro-optical films operating in the reverse mode. We report the electro-optical transmission of reverse mode films with different sizes of elliptic droplet.