激光等离子体球面晶体光谱成像

利用自聚焦原理,研制了一种新型的球面弯晶谱仪。晶体分析器采用云母材料,其弯曲半径为380 mm,布拉格角为51°。利用成像板接收光谱信号,其有效面积为30 mm×80 mm,从等离子体源经晶体到成像板的光程长为980 mm。物理实验在中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心20 J激光装置上进行,入射激光能量为6.78 J,成像板获得了铝激光等离子体X射线的光谱空间分辨信号。球面云母弯晶谱仪的光谱分辨率达到1 000～1 500,在相同环境放置的PET平晶的光谱分辨率为50～100。结果表明：球面弯晶具有较高的光谱分辨率和信噪比,适合于激光等离子体X射线的光谱学研究。     

LAMOST高分辨率光谱仪研制

为了充分利用LAMOST望远镜,实现对银河系不同星族的分布与整体性研究,以及极端贫金属星元素丰度测定等科学目标,研制了LAMOST高分辨率光谱仪,光谱分辨率R≥30 000,光谱覆盖范围380～740 nm。在充分考虑台址因素与现有条件后,采用中继倍率0. 7倍的准白瞳设计方案,使用大芯径光纤、拼接大光栅、棱栅组合式横向色散器、缝前像切分器等措施来满足性能要求。进行了效率估算与杂散光分析,光谱仪本体效率峰值大于30%,杂散光照度占CCD总照度的2. 55%,信噪比为16. 01 d B。试运行阶段实测了太阳光谱,温度稳定性达到±0. 03℃,光谱仪效率峰值约为33. 5%,满足稳定、高效的运行要求。     

The Spectrum of Ne-Like Ar and the 4d-4p Transition of Kr7+ at 45 nm in Capillary Discharge Experiment

Capillary discharge soft X-ray laser, which is always called “table-top soft X-ray laser,” is one of the effective methods for miniaturization. The method is deemed to have experimental facility with practicable value. With capillary discharge mechanism, Ne-like Ar at 46.9 nm soft X-ray laser has been obtained, and the experimental results and the analyses are reported in this paper. Experimentally, a current pulse with the amplitude of 20 kA was used to excite three different gases: Ar, Kr, and N₂. The signals were detected by an X-ray diode (XRD), and the emission spectra were monitored with a Rowland spectrograph. The J = 0–1 line and one 3d-3p transition of Ne-like Ar were detected, with wavelengths of 46.9 nm and 48.5 nm, respectively. Adjusting the pure Ar to the appropriate pressure, the authors found that the J = 0–1 line gains amplification, while 3d-3p does not. When the Ar pressure was 26 Pa, the J = 0–1 line completely dominated the spectrum. N₂ and Kr were used as the materials of capillary discharge respectively. The spike signal was obtained by XRD, then the spectrum was detected by Rowland spectrograph, and the spectrum of Kr⁷⁺ was found.     

吹扫捕集和GC-MS测定水中26种挥发性有机物

用吹扫捕集和气相色谱―质谱联用技术对地表水中的26种挥发性有机污染物进行同时测定。实验结果在2.0～50.0μg/L范围内线性良好,相关系数均大于0.99,检出限在0.08～0.91μg/L范围内。方法的平均回收率为87.33%～116.68%,相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于5%。该方法前处理简单快速,采用内标法定量准确度高,重复性好,适用于清洁水中挥发性有机物的测定。     

双光栅平场全息凹面光栅光谱仪的优化设计

提出了双光栅平场全息凹面光栅光谱仪的优化设计方法.将使用波段一分为二,由两个使用结构相同的平场全息凹面光栅分别进行光谱成像以达到提高光谱分辨率的目的.根据全息凹面光栅像差理论,对光栅的使用结构和两光栅各自的制作结构进行优化求解以校正离焦、像散、彗差和球差等各种像差.据此原理设计了工作波段为200~800 nm、探测器长...     

快速摄谱仪及气体光源制作

介绍一种摄谱实验系统，此系统采用数码摄像技术，同时配备各种不同气体光源，拍摄与气体光源发光同步，能实现不同物质光谱的对比和分析，提高实验频率。     

ICP-AES法同时测定锑酸钠中的Fe、Cu、Cr和V

本文采用基体分离法，将锑酸钠经氢溴酸处理，加热挥发除锑，在5％盐酸介质中用ICP－AES同时测定锑酸钠中杂质元素Fe、Cu、Cr和V，并运用干扰系数法扣除元素间光谱干扰引起的分析偏差，回收率在93％－101％之间，结果较为满意。该方法操作简便、快速，适用于锑酸钠的日常进出口检验分析。     

玩具中有害重金属元素的ICP-AES分析

本文介绍了利用ICP－AES对玩具中有害重金属元素的分析研究。文中详述了实验方法，适用范围以及结果和讨论，并运用干扰系数法校正元素间光谱干扰，结果较为满意，这在玩具日常检测的光谱分析中具有重要的实际意义。     

Optimization of soft x-ray line emission from laser-produced carbon plasma with laser intensity

Absolute measurement for He-α resonance (1s^{2 1}S₀?1s2p¹ P ₁, at 40.2 Å) line emission from a laser-produced carbon plasma has been studied as a function of laser intensity. The optimum laser intensity is found to be ≈1.3×10¹² W/cm² for the maximum emission of 3.2 × 10¹³ photons sr^?1 pulse^?1. Since this line lies in the water window spectral region, it has potential application in x-ray microscopic imaging of biological sample in wet condition. Theoretical calculation using corona model for the emission of this line is also carried out with appropriate ionization and radiative recombination rate coefficients     

环氧丙烷点火的光谱研究

 利用多种光谱技术，提出了一种确定燃料冲击点火延迟时间的新方法。用这种方法所获得的实验值比国内外常用光电二极管（峰值波长约在800 nm）方法的所测值更接近实际值。环氧丙烷受冲击后，反应中间产物出现的时间是不同的，辐射强度也不同。在冲击波作用下，基团出现的顺序便可确定，它们依次为O、CH₂O、C₂、CH、CH₃O、CO₂、H₂O等，而O原子总是首先出现。