基于谱图还原的中阶梯光栅光谱仪有效波长提取算法

中阶梯光栅光谱仪具有高色散、高分辨率、宽波段、全谱瞬态直读等诸多优点,是先进光谱仪器的代表之一。在中阶梯光栅光谱仪民用化、商品化的发展趋势之下,其二维谱图图像处理的地位越来越重要。目前,国内一般先利用质心提取算法计算光斑质心再结合谱图还原算法计算有效波长,但这种方法难以达到较为理想的要求。为了提升运算速度、波长提取精度以及成像误差补偿能力,提出了基于谱图还原的有效波长提取算法。利用谱图还原算法,将探测器拍摄的二维谱图转换为一维图,通过改进的直方图双峰法选取阈值对一维图降噪,实现了二维谱图中全部有效(x, y)点对应波长的一次性提取。先将二维谱图转换为一维图进行图像处理,使算法在提升运算速度的基础上提取精度也得到了改善,还可以对一定范围内的成像误差进行补偿。采用标准汞灯作为待测光源开展了中阶梯光栅光谱仪成像实验,并使用该算法进行数据处理。实验结果表明,不仅能够自动补偿光谱仪0.05 μm(两个像元)以内的成像偏差,而且能在精确提取有效波长的基础上大幅提升运算速度,波长误差小于0.02 nm,满足中阶梯光栅光谱仪图像处理的要求。     

中国SONG项目高分辨光谱仪与高精度恒星震动视向速度测量

中国SONG项目(Stellar Observations Network Group)是中国天文界参与的一个国际合作的天文学研究计划。其核心是利用高分辩光谱仪获取恒星的时序光谱。光谱仪的分辨率根据科学目标的要求,用不同的狭缝宽度实现R=60 000～120 000。利用碘蒸汽发射线定标的方法,实现高达1 m·s-1的视向速度测量精度,以此测量恒星表面由于恒星震动产生的多普勒运动,并实现项目的科学目标。SONG光谱仪是项目的核心设备,将介绍光谱仪的性能和天体物理应用的参数,并给出实际测量结果。作为一个测量恒星表面多普勒运动时序数据的仪器,整个系统的长期稳定性是项目取得成功的关键,在此也将展示仪器稳定性方面的工作。     

Z箍缩等离子体高分辨X辐射谱诊断

 为了获取丝阵Z箍缩等离子体高能谱分辨的X辐射图像,建立了云母球面弯晶X光摄谱仪,根据色散平面内球面弯晶诊断空间分布X光源的几何模型分析了摄谱仪的能谱分辨,计算结果与光线追迹方法得到的结果吻合。当探测器位于罗兰圆上时,系统具备最优能谱分辨。在“强光一号”装置上,利用该摄谱仪诊断了镀镁铝丝阵负载Z箍缩等离子体的X辐射图像,结果表明,该球面弯晶摄谱仪的能谱分辨率高于1 000。     

Improved LIBS limit of detection of Be, Mg, Si, Mn, Fe and Cu in aluminum alloy samples using a portable Echelle spectrometer with ICCD camera

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a laser-based technique that can provide non-intrusive, qualitative and quantitative measurement of metals in various environments. LIBS uses the plasma generated by a high-energy laser beam to prepare and excite the sample in one step. In the present work, LIBS has been applied to perform elemental analysis of six trace elements simultaneously in aluminum alloy targets. The plasma is generated by focusing a pulsed Nd:YAG laser on the target in air at atmospheric pressure. LIBS limit of detection (LOD) is affected by many experimental parameters such as interferences, self-absorption, spectral overlap and matrix effect. We aimed to improve the LIBS LOD by optimizing these experimental parameters as possible. In doing so, a portable Echelle spectrometer with intensified CCD camera was used to detect the LIBS plasma emission. This advanced Echelle spectrometer provides a constant spectral resolution (CSR) of 7500 corresponding to 4 pixels FWHM over a wavelength range 200–1000 nm displayable in a single spectrum. Then, the calibration curves for iron, beryllium, magnesium, silicon, manganese and copper as minor elements were achieved with linear regression coefficients between 98–99% on average in aluminum standard sample alloys. New LOD values were achieved in the ppm range with high precision (RSD 3–8%). From the application view point, improving LIBS LOD is very important in the on-line industrial process control to follow-up multi-elements for the correct alloying in metals.     

Comparisons between LIBS and ICP/OES

In the framework of the development of new techniques, the ability of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) to analyse remotely complex aqueous solutions was investigated. The jet configuration with a collimated gas stream was chosen because it appeared to be the most promising method for the LIBS probe, particularly in terms of sensitivity and repeatability. For emission collection, the echelle spectrometer offers a simultaneously recorded wavelength range from the UV to the near IR and is interesting for multielemental analysis for LIBS and also for inductively coupled plasma (ICP) optical emission spectroscopy (OES). The importance of parameters influencing the quantitative results of LIBS such as multispecies analysis, sheath gas, use of an internal standard and temporal parameters for analysis is described. LIBS quantitative data have been directly compared with results from the more standard ICP/OES technique.     

作为X激光增益介质的激光等离子体特性

本文报道利用具有空间分辨能力的透射光栅谱仪对以三体复合泵浦实现锂离子(Si~(11+)X光自发辐射放大的增益介质——硅激光等离子体特性的研究。结果表明,等离子体5～100A范围软X线辐射主要来自类氦离子(Si~(12+))到(S~(11+))复合辐射和Si~(11+)(n=3→n=2)跃迁发射的贡献,且它们辐射的最大强度距靶面130μm,对应的电子密度3×10~(20)cm~(-3)与Si~(11+)+1s~23d能级的粒子数相对丰度比36;实验中还观察到Si~(11+)(1s~23d-1s~22p)跃迁发射存在着明显的自吸收现象。     

C+ and C++ ion densities scaling in laser plasmas by ultraviolet photoabsorption spectroscopy

Chemical states of Sn in Sn-doped In₂O₃ (ITO) powders and films were studied by Mössbauer spectrometry. From the deconvolution analysis of the spectra it was found that there were 7- and 8-fold coordinated, electrically inactive Sn⁴⁺ species in the host lattice in addition to two electrically active Sn⁴⁺ species. The concentration of the electrically inactive dopants and the carrier densities could be estimated by Mössbauer spectra. The estimated carrier densities for the powders and films were in good agreement with the measured values.     

在改进的等离子体源质谱仪中加入电光离子检测器

从整个质谱学的历史来看，阵列检测器一直用来进行同时和连续的质谱测量研究。利用阵列检测器获取多道数据的好处已为人们所熟知，这包括较大的占空因素、供助比值和内标技术改善的精度以及对快信号瞬变过程较好的定量分析，由于有这些好处，多种基于阵列检测器的测量仪器得到开发，包括光学的和质谱仪，本文描述配备多道电光离子检测器的等离子体源Mattauch-Herzog质谱仪改善了性能，所有的实验均采用一个辉光放电源，过去报道的这台质谱仪的基于阵列检测器的数据在质量方面受到严重的局限,谱峰形状和分辨率都极差。本文将介绍与阵列检测器有关的几个性能指数，这包括灵敏度、分辨率、谱峰形状以及同位素灵敏度。所有这些性能指数都得到明显的改善。阵列检测器性能方面有待解决的问题包括对磁场的敏感性以及在整个阵列表面灵敏度缺乏均匀性。     

几种颜色测量方法的比较

本文回顾了颜色测量的历史，分析比较了目视法、光电积分法和分光光度法三类颜色测量方法，重点阐述了目前最先进的测色方法——光电摄谱法。简述了目前国内外测色仪器的产品现状，展望了仪器测色的发展趋势。     

平面反射光栅衍射效率自动测试仪的设计与分析

设计了一种快速自动测试平面反射光栅相对衍射效率的新型系统。它采用连续光源照明,运用双联光栅光谱仪的结构型式,以N沟道增强型场效应管阵列(线阵NMOS)作为光电接收器件。运用光栅光谱仪的相关原理,对系统的测试原理进行了理论分析;并对光学系统进行了像质分析。分析得出,系统装置结构紧凑,电子学系统简化;不存在保证两光栅光谱仪的波长扫描同步问题,具有很好的波长重复性,精度易于保证;较之以往文献中的自动化方案制造成本降低,且操作简便,工作效率提高。研究结果表明：该测试仪工作光谱范围为190～1 100 nm,覆盖了大多数常用光栅的应用波长范围;且系统光谱分辨率小于3 nm,完全满足设计要求,是一种经济可行的方案。