Nutraceutical Approaches of Autophagy and Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Systematic Review

Aging and the emergence of age-associated illnesses are one of the major challenges of our present society. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is closely associated with aging and is defined by increasing memory loss and severe dementia. Currently, there are no therapy options available that halt AD progression. This work investigates three hallmarks of the disease (autophagy, neuroinflammation, and senescence) and systematically analyzes if there is a beneficial effect from three substances derived from food sources, the so called “nutraceuticals” epigallocatechin gallate, fisetin, and spermidine, on these hallmarks. The results imply a positive outlook for the reviewed substances to qualify as a novel treatment option for AD. A combination of nutraceutical substances and other preventive measures could have significant clinical impact in a multi-layered therapy approach to counter AD.     

鱼胶原蛋白肽与表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯相互作用的研究

运用荧光光谱、红外光谱、圆二色谱和拉曼光谱等四种光谱手段, 研究了鱼胶原蛋白肽(FCP)与表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(EGCG)在水溶液中的相互作用。荧光结果表明: EGCG使FCP中的酪氨酸荧光强度减小, 促进了二酪氨酸的形成;FCP与EGCG能够形成FCP-EGCG非共价复合物, 同时, EGCG影响了FCP中酪氨酸的微环境。红外光谱分析表明: FCP具有胶原蛋白特征吸收带;EGCG的加入使3 281 cm-1处的吸收峰消失, 3 076 cm-1处的吸收峰红移, 表明EGCG影响了酰胺A带和酰胺B带;1 659和1 689 cm-1处的吸收峰蓝移, 1 547 cm-1处的吸收峰红移以及1 248 cm-1处吸收峰的消失, 表明FCP中酰胺Ⅰ带、酰胺Ⅱ带和酰胺Ⅲ带均受到EGCG的影响。圆二色谱分析表明: 添加EGCG后, FCP 222 nm处的负峰消失, 198 nm处的负峰依次红移至200和204 nm, 说明EGCG影响了FCP的二级结构。拉曼光谱分析结果表明: EGCG的加入影响了FCP中酰胺Ⅰ带、酰胺Ⅱ带和酰胺Ⅲ带的吸收;同时, EGCG的添加使863和932 cm-1处的峰红移, 前者峰强度降低, 后者峰强度大幅增加, 表明羟脯氨酸和脯氨酸均参与了与EGCG的结合, 且EGCG浓度的增加使更多的脯氨酸暴漏。     

几种EGCG金属配合物与牛血清白蛋白的相互作用

运用荧光光谱法研究了几种EGCG金属配合物(EGCG-M)与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的相互作用。实验结果表明,几种EGCG-M对BSA的荧光光谱有明显猝灭作用,两者之间的相互作用为静态猝灭,并得到了静态猝灭常数、结合常数及结合位点数等数据。