Dynamic glottal pressures in an excised hemilarynx model

During phonation, air pressures act upon the vocal folds to help maintain their oscillation. The air pressures vary dynamically along the medial surface of the vocal folds, although no live human or excised studies have shown how those pressure profiles vary in time. The purpose of this study was to examine time-dependent glottal pressure profiles using a canine hemilarynx approach. The larynx tissue was cut in the midsaggital plane from the top to about 5 mm below the vocal folds. The right half was replaced with a Plexiglas pane with imbedded pressure taps. Simultaneous recordings were made of glottal pressure signals, subglottal pressure, particle velocity, and average airflow at various levels of adduction. The data indicate that the pressures in the glottis (on the Plexiglas) vary both vertically and longitudinally throughout the phonatory cycle. Pressures vary most widely near the location of maximum vibratory amplitude, and can include negative pressures during a portion of the cycle. Pressures anterior and posterior to the maximum amplitude location may have less variation and may remain positive throughout the cycle, giving rise to a new concept called dynamic bidirectional pressure gradients in the glottis. This is an important concept that may relate strongly to tissue health as well as basic oscillatory mechanics.     

Modeling of MIG/MAG welding with experimental validation using an active contour algorithm applied on high speed movies

This paper investigates some issues in physical modeling of metal inert gas/metal active gas (MIG/MAG) welding process in the short arc mode. In this mode, a metal supply is molten in the arc state and then transferred to the weld pool during the short-circuit state. A hybrid model having two distinct continuous states whose switchings are controlled by two guard conditions is proposed. Due to the complexity of the physical phenomena involved in the welding process, simplifications are used to obtain a model accounting for the main physical contributions but simple enough to yield an efficient, fast and numerically tractable simulator which can be used intensively for evaluating different control strategies. In an attempt to validate the proposed model, different measurements have been made including supply voltage and current sampled synchronously with high speed digital video. In order to extract some relevant quantities representative of the metal transfer from image sequences, an active contour algorithm is developed and tested. The effectiveness of the proposed model in the prediction of major tendencies of a welding process, especially in the arc state, is shown using experimental data. Some limitations of the model during the metal transfer are also stressed and possible remedies are then proposed.     

Simulation of dynamic speckle sequences and its application to the analysis of transient processes

Dynamic speckle has been used in recent years to analyse several transient processes that are produced in industrial and biological applications. We present here a numerical simulation to generate a temporal sequence of dynamic speckle patterns which is based on a model used for speckle formation by the superposition of waves from discrete scattering centres. It is demonstrated that the first and second statistics of the intensity of each speckle image, the time history of the speckle pattern, the temporal evolution of the correlation coefficient, and the power spectral density of the intensity generated by the proposed model reproduce quite well those obtained from experimentally recorded data. The process of a fast drying paint is presented as an example of the application of the proposed numerical model.     

分离式螺旋热管蓄冰过程动态特性模拟

在提出分离式螺旋热管蓄冷空调系统的基础上,建立了螺旋热管蒸发段蓄冰过程的理论模型,分析了单位时间内管外结冰厚度、管外冰层厚度、蓄冰率、单位时间蓄冷量以及系统总蓄冷量随时间的变化关系,并对三种不同管径的螺旋热管的蓄冰特性进行了分析研究,研究结果表明在螺旋热管曲率半径相同的条件下,增大管径可以提高系统的单位时间蓄冷量。     

Quantitative correlation between (1)H MRS and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI of human breast cancer

Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹H MRS) and dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provide functional information, including vascular volume, vascular permeability and choline (Cho) metabolism. In this study, we applied these two imaging modalities to quantitatively characterize 36 malignant breast lesions in 32 patients and analyzed the correlation between them. Cho concentration was quantified by single-voxel ¹H MRS using water as an internal reference. The measured Cho levels ranged from 0.32 to 10.47 mmol/kg, consistent with previously reported values. In 25 mass-type lesions, the Cho concentration was significantly correlated with tumor size (r=.69, P<.0002). In addition, the Cho level was found to be significantly higher in lesions presenting as mass-type lesions compared to non-mass-type diffuse enhancements (P=.035). The enhancement kinetics from tissues covered within each MRS voxel were measured and analyzed with a two-compartmental model to obtain pharmacokinetic parameters K^trans and k_ep. A significant correlation was found between the Cho level and the pharmacokinetic parameter k_ep (r=.62, P<.0001), indicating that tissues with a high Cho level have higher wash-out rates in DCE MRI. The results suggest a correlation between Cho metabolism and angiogenesis activity, which might be explained by the association of Cho with cell replication and angiogenesis required to support tumor growth.     

Lattice Lotka-Volterra model with long range mixing

A spatio-temporal process in the Lattice Lotka Volterra (LLV) model, when realized on low dimensional support, is studied. It is shown that the introduction of a long-range mixing causes a drastic change in the system’s behavior, which transits from small random-like fluctuations to global oscillations when the mixing rate transcends above a critical point. The amplitude of the induced oscillations is well defined by the mixing rate and is insensitive to the initial conditions and the lattice size variations. The observed behavior essentially differs from that predicted by the Mean-Field model which is conservative. The oscillations are of limit-cycle type and appear as a stochastic analog of a Hopf bifurcation.     

The effect of magnetic field heat treatment on magnetostriction of Terfenol-D 2-2 composites

Based on the analysis of the magnetostriction for Terfenol-D composites, Terfenol-D 2-2 magnetostrictive composites have been prepared with laminations perpendicular to [1 1 2] axes. Then one of the samples was annealed in the vacuum at 423 K for 15 min at the magnetic field of 240 kA/m, which is along the direction of laminations and vertical to the [1 1 2] axes of the specimen. The static magnetostriction λ and dynamic magnetostrictive coefficient d₃₃ of samples were measured under the compressive stress of 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 MPa. Effects of the compressive stress and the magnetic field heat treatment on the magnetostriction λ have been investigated. It is found that the magnetostriction of 2-2 composites can be improved under the compressive stress when the magnetic field is larger than 20 kA/m. The magnetostriction of 2-2 composites with the magnetic field heat treatment increases under compressive stress, and it can reach 1390×10⁻⁶ at the magnetic field of 200 kA/m and under the compressive stress of 4 MPa, much larger than the value of 860×10⁻⁶ without the magnetic field heat treatment. The highest magnetostriction of the 2-2 composite with the magnetic field heat treatment can reach 1530×10⁻⁶. The dynamic magnetostrictive coefficient d₃₃ of 2-2 composites with the magnetic field heat treatment have been improved, compared with that without magnetic field heat treatment. The maximum value of d₃₃ of the sample with magnetic field heat treatment is 71% larger than that without magnetic field heat treatment.     

Simulating the dynamic behavior of planetary gearbox based on improved Hanning function

Planetary gearboxes are widely used in industrial machines. They usually work in harsh environments giving rise to damages and high maintenance costs. Condition monitoring is a key action allowing one to detect the presence of such damage ensuring healthy running conditions. The knowledge of the dynamic behavior of such a gearbox can be achieved using modeling tools as a primary step before conditioning the monitoring subject. In addition, modeling a gear set can help in the stage of design in order to optimize physical and geometric parameters of the system. Therefore, in this work, a two-dimensional lumped parameter model is adopted to build all vibration sources. The time-varying mesh stiffness is approximated as a square wave form. A novel mathematical formulation is proposed to model the amplitude modulation phenomenon due to the rotational motion of the planets around the center of the gearbox. Finally, the overall vibration signal is concluded as a summation of all vibration components influenced by the modulation function.     

Effect of Bamboo Flour (BF) Content on the Dynamic Rheological Characteristics of BF-filled High-density Polyethylene (HDPE)

The effects of bamboo flour (BF) content on the dynamic rheological properties of BF-filled HDPE composites were investigated. Our findings showed that the addition of BF caused an enhancement of the non-Newtonianism of wood-plastic composites (WPCs) melt as well as the appearance of some new relaxation processes. In addition, the viscosity and modulus of the BF-filled HDPE composites showed a remarkable increase at 170?°C and 190?°C when the BF content exceeded 30%, which could be associated with the solid-like property of the WPCs at high BF loading, we propose. The present study we suggest will be useful to the formula design as well as the optimization of processing parameters for WPCs in general.     

Free radical oxidation reaction for selectively solvatochromic sensors with dynamic sensing ability

A novel BODIPY (boradiazaindacene) dye denoted as BODIPY-DT containing terpyridine unit has been designed and characterized. The dye is found to be selective and visual solvatochromic sensor toward DMF among test organic solvents. The sensing process displays time-controllable, dynamic signal outputs in the emission colors including red, purple, yellow and even white emission colors. It is presented that selective free radical oxidation reaction happens during the recognition process.