Toward Precise Antitumoral Photodynamic Therapy Using a Dual Receptor-Mediated Bioorthogonal Activation Approach

Targeted delivery and specific activation of photosensitizers can greatly improve the treatment outcome of photodynamic therapy. To this end, we report herein a novel dual receptor-mediated bioorthogonal activation approach to enhance the tumor specificity of the photodynamic action. It involves the targeted delivery of a biotinylated boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY)-based photosensitizer, which is quenched in the native form by the attached 1,2,4,5-tetrazine unit, and an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeting cyclic peptide conjugated with a bicycle[6.1.0]non-4-yne moiety. Only for cancer cells that overexpress both the biotin receptor and EGFR, the two components can be internalized preferentially where they undergo an inverse electron-demand Diels–Alder reaction, leading to restoration of the photodynamic activity of the BODIPY core. By using a range of cell lines with different expression levels of these two receptors, we have demonstrated that this stepwise “deliver-and-click” approach can confine the photodynamic action on a specific type of cancer cells.     

Synchronous Dual Electrolyte Additive Sustains Zn Metal Anode with 5600 h Lifespan

Despite conspicuous merits of Zn metal anodes, the commercialization is still handicapped by rampant dendrite formation and notorious side reaction. Manipulating the nucleation mode and deposition orientation of Zn is a key to rendering stabilized Zn anodes. Here, a dual electrolyte additive strategy is put forward via the direct cooperation of xylitol (XY) and graphene oxide (GO) species into typical zinc sulfate electrolyte. As verified by molecular dynamics simulations, the incorporated XY molecules could regulate the solvation structure of Zn²⁺, thus inhibiting hydrogen evolution and side reactions. The self-assembled GO layer is in favor of facilitating the desolvation process to accelerate reaction kinetics. Progressive nucleation and orientational deposition can be realized under the synergistic modulation, enabling a dense and uniform Zn deposition. Consequently, symmetric cell based on dual additives harvests a highly reversible cycling of 5600 h at 1.0 mA cm⁻²/1.0 mAh cm⁻².     

1-烃基-1-硅杂环丁烷的合成及其Si—H键伸缩振动频率与结构关系的研究

硅杂环丁烷在有机硅化学中是一类非常重要的小分子环系化合物。由于硅杂环丁烷和环丁烷的环张力相似,因而显示出较高的反应活性。例如能与某些试剂作用,生成开环产物;在光解或热解条件下,产生具有Si=C结构的高活性中间体,可用以合成多种有机硅化合物。     

早期视网膜分支静脉阻塞患者倍频固体激光治疗对临床疗效及CMT值变化的影响

本文探讨了早期视网膜分支静脉阻塞患者倍频固体激光治疗对临床疗效及黄斑中心视网膜厚度(CMT)值变化的影响.将因视网膜分支静脉阻塞行激光治疗的30例患者纳入激光组,同期行常规治疗的30例患者纳入对照组,对比两组临床疗效、视力、CMT值变化、眼底荧光血管造影(FFA)检查渗透率及并发症.结果显示,治疗后激光组患者临床治疗总...     

Spin polarisation in dual catalysts for the oxygen evolution and reduction reactions

Strongly correlated catalysts can be understood from precise quantum approximations. Incorporating properly electronic correlations thus let’s define Spin rules in catalysis, opening a new door towards optimum compositions for the most important reactions for a sustainable future.     

高频燃烧红外吸收法测定铅精矿中的硫

利用高频燃烧红外吸收碳硫仪测定铅精矿中的硫含量。低硫含量(S<5%)铅精矿样品直接称样测定;高硫含量(S>5%)铅精矿样品添加稀释剂后称样测定。对样品称样量、助熔剂类型及用量等条件进行了研究,获得最佳分析条件。通过空白实验测得方法检出限为0.0010%,利用铅精矿有证标准物质进行精密度和准确度验证,方法的标准偏差在0.295%~1.3%之间,结果表明该方法精密度高、准确度好,能够满足铅精矿中硫含量的快速准确测定。     

Ag/Yb掺杂对Ca_3Co_(3.9)Cu_(0.1)O_(9-δ)热电性能的影响

采用溶胶凝胶及冷压方法,通过在Ca_3Co_(3.9)Cu_(0.1)O_(9-δ)体系中引入不同量的Ag~+或Yb~(3+)离子来调控体系的热电性能,制备了可在300~880 K下稳定存在且热电性能优良的陶瓷材料Ca_(3-x)Ag_xCo_(3.9)Cu_(0.1)O_(9-δ)(x=0.1,0.15,0.2,0.3)和Ca_(3-y)Yb_yCo_(3.9)Cu_(0.1)O_(9-δ)(y=0.05,0.1,0.2,0.3).通过X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等测试手段对产物进行了表征,结果显示所制备的样品纯度较高,晶粒均匀,晶粒间较致密.适量的Ag~+,Yb~(3+)离子取代Ca~(2+)离子固溶到晶体中使制备的双掺杂材料晶胞体积发生了变化,但并未引起晶体对称结构的变化.电阻率和Seebeck系数的表征结果说明双掺杂优化了载流子的浓度,随着温度的升高电阻率不断减小,Seebeck系数不断增大.经过计算可知Seebeck系数的增大还有电子有效质量的贡献.热导率表征结果显示双掺杂体系的热导率随着温度的升高而减小,其中声子热导依然起主要作用,这与单掺杂体系的结果一致.随着温度的升高,双掺杂样品Ca_(2.7)Ag_(0.3)Co_(3.9)Cu_(0.1)O_(9-δ)在880 K下ZT值达到最大,为0.2.     

Research on mechanical and dielectric properties of XLPE cable under accelerated electrical‐thermal aging

Research into the electrical‐thermal aging properties of cross‐linked polyethylene (XLPE) cable has great significance, because of its wide application. This study conducted accelerated electrical‐thermal aging tests on 10‐kV XLPE cable in order to assess the cable's mechanical and dielectric properties. After being aged by applying 34.8‐kV AC voltage at the four temperatures of 90, 103, 114, and 135°C, the cable samples were taken out in five stages according to the aging time and cut into slices. The slices were conducted experiments to test the breaking elongation, tensile strength, gel content, breakdown voltage, and frequency spectrums of the dielectric constant and dielectric loss. The results demonstrate that the mechanical strength and gel content of XLPE vary greatly under different aging temperatures, a finding that is associated with the crystallization characteristics of the material. The breakdown voltage shows a slight decreasing trend with aging time. The dielectric constant decreases with aging time in high‐frequency areas (10³–10⁶ Hz), while the dielectric loss factor increases with aging time at low frequencies (10^?2–0 Hz). These two parameters can be used to characterize the degree of aging in cable. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

电喷雾/光电离双源型小型离子阱质谱仪的研制

构建了一套电喷雾/紫外灯双电离源离子阱质谱仪系统,用于气体和液体样品的快速检测.仪器采用非连续大气压进样技术,通过夹管阀装置来同时完成电喷雾离子和中性气态样品的采集和传输.所配备的两种电离源适合不同的分析对象,在应用上具有一定的互补性,其中电喷雾源用于溶液中极性化合物的电离,而紫外电离源主要用于分析气态有机物.本研究选择了苯甲醚、甲苯、2,4-二甲基苯胺、精氨酸、利血平和阿斯巴甜等不同类型的样品,测试了仪器在使用不同电离模式下的工作性能.结果表明,电喷雾源和紫外光电离源可用于不同类型样品的电离,在分析2,4-二甲基苯胺时还能分别生成不同类型的分子离子.两种电离源在工作时互不干扰,既能单独使用,也能同时开启,可根据检测需求随意切换工作模式,获得更全面的样品成分信息.双离子源设计是扩展小型质谱仪应用范围的一种有效途径,这种方案不会明显增加仪器的体积,却能提供更多样化的分析功能,满足对不同类型样品的检测需求.     

利用地球上丰富的炭黑和NiS_2双助催化剂修饰提高CdS纳米片体系的可见光产氢活性(英文)

光催化产氢技术是目前解决能源和环境问题的最有潜力的方法之一,因此制备安全高效的光催化剂已成为目前的研究热点.在目前研究的各种光催化剂中,CdS光催化剂因为具有较窄的带隙(2.4 eV)和合适的导带位置,所以在可见光催化产氢领域受到广泛关注.然而,光生电子/空穴对易复合和光腐蚀作用极大地限制了CdS光催化剂的放大应用.因此,人们采用众多改性策略以提高CdS光催化剂的可见光产氢活性,其中构建CdS纳米结构和负载助催化剂被认为是最有效的方式.构建CdS纳米结构既可以缩短载流子的迁移路径,也可以减少CdS晶体中的缺陷.很多不同纳米结构的CdS光催化剂已经被开发,例如纳米线、纳米颗粒和纳米棒等.因为制备过程极为复杂繁琐,所以CdS纳米片的研究鲜见报道.本文采用乙酸鎘和硫脲为原材料,通过简单的溶剂热法合成了CdS纳米片.在CdS的各类助催化剂中,由于常用的Pt,Ag和Au等贵金属的高成本和低储量等问题严重限制了它们的实际应用,所以近年来众多非贵金属助催化剂(例如MoS_2,WS2,NiS,NiO和WC等)得到了广泛关注.由于非贵金属助催化剂存在弱电导率和低功函数等问题,影响了对光生电子的收集和利用.纳米碳材料具有极高的电导率、强可见光吸收、有效的载流子分离和较多的反应位点等优点,因此组合纳米碳材料和非贵金属助催化剂被认为是一种有效的解决方案.本文首次采用炭黑和NiS_2作为双助催化剂改性CdS纳米片,通过简单的溶剂热/沉淀两步法成功合成了廉价高效的CdS/CB/NiS_2三元光催化体系.光催化产氢性能测试表明,CdS-0.5%CB-1%NiS_2展现出最高的光催化效率(166.7μmol h~(-1)),分别是CdS NSs和CdS-1.0%NiS_2的5.16和1.87倍.X射线衍射、高分辨电子显微镜和X射线光电子能谱结果证实了CdS催化剂的片状结构,且炭黑和NiS_2成功负载在CdS纳米片表面.紫外-可见漫反射结果表明,随着炭黑和NiS_2的负载,复合催化剂的吸收边缘产生明显的红移,且对可见光的吸收增强.荧光光谱、阻抗和瞬态光电流曲线测试结果证明,炭黑和NiS_2的加入可以有效地促进光生电子/空穴对分离.极化曲线结果表明,加入炭黑和NiS_2可以降低CdS的产氢过电势,因此加速表面产氢动力学.总之,炭黑和NiS_2之间显著的协同效应极大地提高了可见光吸收,促进光生电子/空穴对分离,加速表面产氢动力学,最终得到了三元光催化体系极高的光催化产氢活性.