Lithium‐Ionen‐Technologie und was danach kommen könnte

The efficient and effective storage of electrical energy with batteries is key for sustainable energy supply and emission free mobility. At present, lithium ion technology is the “best” high energy density battery and the first choice for use in electric vehicle applications, whereas for stationary storage of electricity a large number of battery technologies, including lithium ion batteries (LIB) , are in competition to each other. Even though the LIB is one step ahead of other battery technologies at the moment, this race is still open. Several new battery chemistries, such as lithium/sulfur, metal/air, sodium, magnesium and dual ion battery technologies are discussed as replacement or complementary technologies to lithium ion. The hope for improved and better battery technologies of the future is still high.     

单位球上的对偶Toeplitz算子

本文研究了单位球Bergman空间的直交补上的对偶Toeplitz算子的代数性质,首先我们给出了对偶Toeplitz算子的有界性和紧性的完全刻画,然后给出对偶Toeplitz算子的谱性质,最后证明了不存在以有界全纯或者反全纯函数为符号的拟正规对偶Toeplitz算子.     

On the optimality of periodic barrier strategies for a spectrally positive Lévy process

We study the optimal dividend problem in the dual model where dividend payments can only be made at the jump times of an independent Poisson process. In this context, Avanzi et al. (2014) solved the case with i.i.d. hyperexponential jumps; they showed the optimality of a (periodic) barrier strategy where dividends are paid at dividend-decision times if and only if the surplus is above some level. In this paper, we generalize the results for a general spectrally positive Lévy process with additional terminal payoff/penalty at ruin, and also solve the case with classical bail-outs so that the surplus is restricted to be nonnegative. The optimal strategies as well as the value functions are concisely written in terms of the scale function. Numerical results are also given.     

Ultrasensitive and rapid screening of mercury(II) ions by dual labeling colorimetric method in aqueous samples and applications in mercury-poisoned animal tissues

Rapid and ultrasensitive detection of trace heavy metal mercury(II) ions (Hg²⁺) are of significant importance due to the induced serious risks for environment and human health. This presented article reports the gold nanoparticle-based dual labeling colorimetric method (Dual-COLO) for ultrasensitive and rapid detection of Hg²⁺ using the specific thymine–Hg²⁺–thymine (T–Hg²⁺–T) as recognition system and the dual labeling strategy for signal amplification. Both qualitative and quantitative detections of Hg²⁺ are achieved successfully in aqueous samples. More importantly, the achieved detection limit of 0.005 ng mL⁻¹ (0.025 nM) without any instruments is very competitive to other rapid detection methods even ICP-MS based methods. This Dual-COLO method is also applied directly for real water sample monitoring and, more importantly, applied in analysis of mercury poisoned animal tissues and body fluidic samples, indicating a potentially powerful and promising tool for environmental monitoring and food safety control.     

Dual gradient LC method for the determination of pharmaceutical residues in environmental samples using a monolithic silica reversed phase column

Detailed below is a simple reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RP-LC) method for the simultaneous separation of up to 21 acidic, basic, and neutral pharmaceuticals using Merck Chromolith Performance RP-C18e monolithic columns with direct ultraviolet (UV) absorption detection. By simultaneously applying a solvent elution gradient program with a mobile phase flow gradient, both a decrease in the overall analysis time and a general increase in peak efficiencies were observed. Mobile phase pH and buffer concentration were optimised using the overall resolution product under applied gradient conditions. Under optimised conditions peak area reproducibility (n?=?6) ranged between 0.4 and 9.3%, determined at the method LOQ level. For real sample analysis pharmaceutical residues were extracted using an optimised solid phase extraction (SPE) procedure, utilising Strata-X extraction cartridges, which overall provided the highest relative recovery data in comparison with four other commercially available SPE sorbents (17 out of 20 residues investigated had recoveries over 70%). Complete method precision, including all sample pre-treatment and LC analysis for six spiked river water samples at the 1 and 2?µg?L^?1 level was between 10 and 29%. Using 1?L volumes of 1?µg?L^?1 spiked estuarine water samples, the majority of detection limits were found to be in the 10–50?ng?L^?1 range.     

全自动在线固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定水体中痕量微囊藻毒素

建立了全自动化在线固相萃取-高效液相色谱法快速、准确测定水体中3种痕量微囊藻毒素的新方法.样品用自动进样器连续注入固相萃取小柱完成富集后,通过双梯度高效液相系统中的一个泵(上样泵)实现净化,再通过阀切换将固相萃取小柱切换至分析流路中,用另一个泵(分析泵)将待测物冲洗至分析柱进行测定.方法使用Acclaim PA柱芯(1...     

Multifunctional mesoporous composite nanocapsules for highly efficient MRI-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound cancer surgery

Bloodless surgical knife: Nano-biotechnology has been introduced into imaging-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) cancer surgery by adopting engineered multifunctional manganese-based mesoporous composite nanocapsules as the contrast agents for T(1)-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and simultaneously as synergistic agents for MRI-guided HIFU cancer surgery.     

Les molécules hybrides comme stratégie de création de nouveaux agents anti-infectieux

After a brief survey of the current situation concerning the discovery of new drugs in the field of malaria or bacterial infections, we describe the preparation of hybrid molecules as new anti-infective agents: trioxaquines as antimalarials and Vancomyquines^® as antibiotics. These hybrid molecules are active on malarial parasites or bacteria that are resistant to classical drugs that are currently used.     

Complex unloading behavior: Nature of the deformation and its consistent constitutive representation

Complex (nonlinear) unloading behavior following plastic straining has been reported as a significant challenge to accurate springback prediction. More fundamentally, the nature of the unloading deformation has not been resolved, being variously attributed to nonlinear/reduced modulus elasticity or to inelastic/“microplastic” effects. Unloading-and-reloading experiments following tensile deformation showed that a special component of strain, deemed here “Quasi-Plastic-Elastic” (“QPE”) strain, has four characteristics. (1) It is recoverable, like elastic deformation. (2) It dissipates work, like plastic deformation. (3) It is rate-independent, in the strain rate range 10⁻⁴-10⁻²/s, contrary to some models of anelasticity to which the unloading modulus effect has been attributed. (4) To first order, the evolution of plastic properties occurs during QPE deformation. These characteristics are as expected for a mechanism of dislocation pile-up and relaxation. A consistent, general, continuum constitutive model was derived incorporating elastic, plastic, and QPE deformation. Using some aspects of two-yield-function approaches with unique modifications to incorporate QPE, the model was implemented in a finite element program with parameters determined for dual-phase steel and applied to draw-bend springback. Significant differences were found compared with standard simulations or ones incorporating modulus reduction. The proposed constitutive approach can be used with a variety of elastic and plastic models to treat the nonlinear unloading and reloading of metals consistently for general three-dimensional problems.