非凸规划的对偶问题极值

本文对非凸规划的对偶问题的目标函数极值给出一个表达式 ,从而得出对偶间隙 ,使用的方法是扰动函数的凸色 ,而不使用任何有关凸性的假定     

双波长标准加入法同时测定合金钢中钼和钨

在金属离子显色体系中,采用双波长分光光度法同时测定了合金钢中的钼和钨。对显色反应和光度测定的最佳条件进行了详细考察。在介质盐酸浓度为０．６～１．２ｍｏｌ／Ｌ,ＳＡＦ质量浓度为２０～６０ｍｇ／Ｌ,ＣＴＭＡＢ质量浓度为０．１８～０．４２ｇ／Ｌ的显色体系中,能够形成Ｗ－ＳＡＦ－ＣＴＭＡＢ和Ｍｏ－ＳＡＦ－ＣＴＭＡＢ络合物,吸光度值高且稳定。根据两络合物的吸收光谱,选择钼作为标准加入组分,在钨的等吸收点波长     

Prediction of Early Atherosclerotic Plaques Using a Sequence-Activated Fluorescence Probe for the Simultaneous Detection of γ-Glutamyl Transpeptidase and Hypobromous Acid

Atherosclerosis is a lipoprotein-driven disease, and there is no effective therapy to reverse atherosclerosis or existing plaques. Therefore, it is urgently necessary to create a noninvasive and reliable approach for early atherosclerosis detection to prevent initial plaque formation. Atherosclerosis is intimately associated with inflammation, which is accompanied by an excess of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to cells requiring more glutathione (GSH) to resist severe oxidative stress. Therefore, the GSH-hydrolyzed protein γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and the ROS-hypobromous acid (HBrO) are potential biomarkers for predicting atherogenesis. Hence, to avoid false-positive diagnoses caused by a single biomarker, we constructed an ingenious sequence-activated double-locked TP fluorescent probe, C-HBrO-GGT, in which two sequential triggers of GGT and HBrO are meticulously designed to ensure that the probe fluoresces in response to HBrO only after GGT hydrolyzes the probe. By utilization of C-HBrO-GGT, the voltage-gated chloride channel (CLC-1)-HBrO-catalase (CAT)-GGT signaling pathway was confirmed in cellular level. Notably, the forthcoming atherosclerotic plaques were successfully predicted before the plaques could be observed via the naked eye or classical immunofluorescent staining. Collectively, this research proposed a powerful tool to indicate the precise position of mature plaques and provide early warning of atherosclerotic plaques.     

双气流路-激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱测定铅同位素比值

采用双气流路校正-激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱测定了地质样品中Pb同位素比值,并通过201Hg和指数法则分别校正分析过程中的同量异位素干扰和质量偏移。实验结果表明,采用双气流校正系统可明显提高Pb信号强度,且当干、湿气溶胶流速比为1时铅的信号强度最大。将该方法用于地质标准物质NIST610和BCR-2G测定,分析结果与参考值符合,相对标准偏差RSD在1%以内(n=8)。     

在线固相萃取法结合电雾式检测器测定黄芪及其复方中黄芪甲苷的含量

采用在线固相萃取高效液相色谱法,结合电雾式检测器,建立了快速测定黄芪及其复方中黄芪甲苷的方法。采用Acclaim Polar AdvantageⅡC18(50 mm×4.6 mm,3μm)为在线净化柱,以双三元液相色谱的右泵作为上样净化泵,甲醇-水为流动相,梯度洗脱,进行富集和净化;采用Acclaim C18(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)为分析柱,以双三元液相色谱的左泵作为分析泵,乙腈-水作为流动相,等度洗脱,流速为1.0 mL/min,采用中心切割的方式将目标物从在线净化柱转移至分析柱中。电雾式检测器( CAD)的雾化器温度为30℃;氮气压力为241.3 kPa。黄芪甲苷在药材及复方基质中获得较好分离,黄芪甲苷在4.0~80 mg/L范围内,相关系数r=0.9998,平均回收率为97.6％。实验表明,本方法快速、简便,专属性、重现性较好,测定结果可靠,可应用于黄芪及其复方中黄芪甲苷含量的检测。     

纳米二氧化钒薄膜的制备及红外光学性能

采用双离子束溅射方法在Si3N4/SiO2/Si基底表面沉积氧化钒薄膜, 在氮气气氛下热处理获得二氧化钒薄膜. 利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)研究了热处理温度对氧化钒薄膜晶体结构、表面形貌和组分的影响, 利用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)对二氧化钒薄膜的红外透射性能进行了测试分析. 结果表明, 所制备的氧化钒薄膜以非晶态V2O5和四方金红石结构VO2为主, 经400 ℃、2 h热处理后获得了(011)择优取向的单斜金红石结构纳米VO2薄膜, 提高热处理温度至450 ℃, 纳米结构VO2薄膜的晶粒尺寸减小. FT-IR结果显示,纳米VO2薄膜透射率对比因子超过0.99, 高温关闭状态下透射率接近0. 小晶粒尺寸纳米VO2薄膜更适合在热光开关器件领域应用.     

双柱固相萃取净化-液相色谱-串联质谱法测定牛奶和奶粉中链霉素和双氢链霉素残留量

建立了双柱固相萃取净化-液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)测定牛奶和奶粉中链霉素和双氢链霉素残留量的分析方法。样品用H3PO4溶液提取,三氯乙酸沉淀蛋白,苯磺酸型和羧酸型固相萃取柱净化,经Atlantis C18色谱柱分离,以电喷雾离子源在正离子多反应监测(MRM)模式下进行测定。牛奶中链霉素和双氢链霉素的方法检出限均为4μg/kg,定量限均为10μg/kg,奶粉中链霉素和双氢链霉素的方法检出限均为30μg/kg,定量限均为80μg/kg,方法回收率为80%~86%,相对标准偏差为5.9%~11.5%。本方法适用于牛奶和奶粉中链霉素和双氢链霉素残留量的测定。     

系数倍率双波长标准加入法同时测定铜和铁的研究

本文报道了一种同时测定铁和铜的新方法。在含有乳化剂ＯＰ的弱酸性介质中,显色剂１－（２－吡啶偶氮）－２－萘酚与铜,铁形成红色配合物,其最大吸收波长为５６０ｎｍ。本法选择５６０ｎｍ为测定波长,６００ｎｍ为参比波长,按系数倍率双波长标准加入法原理处理数据,实现了铜和铁的同时测定,并应用该法直接测定了铝合金中铜和铁的含量,结果满意。     

双活动星系核寄主星系的光谱合成分析

星系并合会产生不同尺度距离的星系对甚至双活动星系核,同时在过程中会触发星暴以及超大质量黑洞的活动。在光谱上,当两个星系并合到kpc尺度时,其两个核的相互绕转在总光谱上会表现出窄线双峰谱线轮廓。以这个观测特性为起点,从郭守敬望远镜巡天的第四次释放数据(LAMOST DR4)中系统的搜寻带有窄发射线双峰特征的双AGN候选体。AGN的发射线光谱轮廓由发射线的若干种不同的动力学成分构成,主要可以分为三类,窄线成分(Hβ,[OⅢ], Hαand [NⅡ]),[OⅢ]的线翼、以及宽的Balmer发射线。基于LAMOST DR4河外光谱数据,应用了一套搜寻流程,在初始筛选(涉及到发射线的信噪比、等值宽度和红移)及目视检查挑选之后,通过建立的多高斯拟合模型挑选出在发射线的流量、半高全宽、窄线双峰之间速度分离程度等一系列参数上符合我们限制要求的样本,并借助于Baldwin-Phillips-Terlevich (BPT)图来鉴别每个成分的来源,确定出了28个双AGN候选体。为了获取更准确的星族成分并发现这类双AGN候选体样本的共有特性,对28个双AGN候选体的光谱流量用一个低阶多项式重新进行了修正并采用传统的统一插值和中值方法对其进行合并得到一条高信噪比光谱,并以目前已有的来源于LAMOST星系光谱数据的Ⅱ型AGN(单AGN)的复合光谱作为对照样本,采用STARLIGHT软件分别拟合了合并的双AGN和对照的单AGN的光学光谱中的吸收线和连续谱。通过研究它们的星族特性及两者间的异同,发现与单AGN复合谱相比,双AGN候选体样本的合并谱具有更多中等年龄及老年星族的贡献,反映出更剧烈的中心黑洞。在金属丰度方面,单AGN的主导星族为太阳金属丰度的星族Z_⊙,而双AGN候选体合并谱中贡献较多的星族为亚太阳金属丰度星族0.2 Z_⊙和富金属丰度星族2.5 Z_⊙,表现出了差异性特征,也预示着这类样本中恒星形成历史更加复杂,呈现出了多样化。在幂律谱成分贡献方面在单、双AGN中老年星族都贡献了其大部分质量,但单AGN复合谱中幂律成分占比为8.2%,明显高于双AGN候选体合并谱中幂律成分的贡献。     

Numerical simulations of stable cavitation bubble generation and primary Bjerknes forces in a three-dimensional nonlinear phased array focused ultrasound field

We present a model developed for studying the generation of stable cavitation bubbles and their motion in a three-dimensional volume of liquid with axial symmetry under the effect of finite-amplitude phased array focused ultrasound. The density of bubbles per unit volume is determined by a nonlinear law which is a threshold-dependent function of the negative acoustic pressure reached in the liquid, in which nuclei are initially distributed. The nonlinear mutual interaction of ultrasound and bubble oscillations is modeled by a nonlinear coupled differential system formed by the wave and a Rayleigh-Plesset equations, for which both the pressure and the bubble oscillation variables are unknown. The system, which accounts for nonlinearity, dispersion, and attenuation due to the bubbles, is solved by numerical approximations. The nonlinear acoustic pressure field is then used to evaluate the primary Bjerknes force field and to predict the subsequent motion of bubbles. In order to illustrate the procedure, a medium-high and a low ultrasonic frequency configurations are assumed. Simulation results show where bubbles are generated, the nonlinear effects they have on ultrasound, and where they are relocated. Despite many physical restrictions and thanks to its particularities (two nonlinear coupled fields, bubble generation, bubble motion), the numerical model used in this work gives results that show qualitative coherence with data observed experimentally in the framework of stable cavitation and suggest their usefulness in some application contexts.