仪器设备安放姿态对二级碎片毁伤指标的影响

借助碎片云粒子对靶板的毁伤程度与粒子的速度成正比,与靶板的厚度成反比的理论和实验结果,提出一种用于评价航天器内部电子仪器设备遭受二次碎片粒子撞击毁伤程度的毁伤指标.针对六面体外壳的仪器设备,提出两种在航天器内部的安放姿态.通过计算这两种姿态毁伤指标的最大值,并与两个面与航天器速度垂直的安放姿态毁伤指标的最大值进行了比较,得到了当碎片粒子速度不超过航天器速度2倍时两种安放姿态毁伤指标至少分别降低9.76%和14.09%的结论.采用这两种安放姿态,既不改变仪器设备的设计,也不增加重量和体积,就能达到增强仪器设备防护性能的目的,对提高航天器在碎片环境中的生存能力具有重要意义.     

The effects of microbial degradation on ignitable liquids

The identification of ignitable liquid residues in fire debris is a key finding for determining the cause and origin of a suspicious fire. However, the complex mixtures of organic compounds that comprise ignitable liquids are susceptible to microbiological attack following collection of the sample. Biodegradation can result in selective removal of many of the compounds required for identification of an ignitable liquid. Such degradation has been found to occur rapidly in substrates such as soil, rotting wood, or other organic matter. Furthermore, fire debris evidence must often be stored for extended periods at room temperature prior to analysis due to case backlogs and available evidence storage. Hence, extensive damage to ignitable liquid residues by microbes poses a significant threat to subsequent laboratory work. In this work, the effects of microbial degradation of ignitable liquids in soil have been evaluated as a function of time. Key findings include the loss of n-alkanes, particularly C₉–C₁₆, which showed the most dramatic decrease in gasoline as well as the petroleum distillates, while branched alkanes remained unchanged. Monosubstituted benzenes also showed the most dramatic loss in gasoline. In the heavy petroleum distillates, n-alkanes with even carbon numbers were degraded more than n-alkanes with odd carbon numbers. Figure A “fully involved” house fire in Indianapolis, IN

Electrocatalytic Activities of Chemically Reduced Graphene Are Essentially Dominated by the Adhered Carbonaceous Debris

Due to its simple, scalable, and facile qualities, the chemical reduction of graphene oxide seems to be the most popular approach to prepare graphene. We show that such prepared graphene is strongly adhered with carbonaceous debris that has been produced during the synthesis of graphene oxide by the chemical exfoliation of graphite and still remain on graphene sheets through the chemical reduction steps. Interestingly, the presence of the carbonaceous debris causes a significant impact on the electrochemical behavior of the chemical reduced graphene. Herein, we demonstrate that the electrocatalytical activities of the graphene are greatly boosted by the adhered carbonaceous debris. After the removal of the carbonaceous debris, the electrocatalysis of graphene is not superior to conventional graphite.     

双脉冲激光锡等离子体光源的碎屑动力学研究

极紫外光刻是下一代大容量集成电路制造中最有发展前景的技术之一, 而碎屑的减缓及阻挡一直是极紫外光刻光源研究中亟需解决的关键问题。研究了双纳秒激光脉冲辐照锡靶产生的等离子体碎屑的动力学演化。结果表明, 等离子体碎屑强烈依赖于预脉冲的能量及其与主脉冲的时间延迟, 当预脉冲能量为30 mJ, 双脉冲时间间隔150 ns情况下, 大部分锡离子的能量从2.47 keV降低到0.40 keV, 降低了6.1倍, 碎屑得到了有效抑制。通过对碎屑动能角分布的测量, 发现此方法可以有效减缓全角度范围的激光锡等离子体碎屑, 并且越接近靶材法线方向, 碎屑的动能减少得越多。     

液压油污染颗粒光电检测系统

论述了液压油污染颗粒光电检测系统的原理及结构。该系统以面阵CCD作为被测污染颗粒边缘图像的探测器件,采用激光准直扩束技术和计算机数字图像处理技术,运用最佳阈值分割和轮廓提取相结合的图像数据处理方法,实现了油液污染颗粒图像边缘的精确检测。利用该系统对实际液压油进行了实验,证明了系统的实用性和实效性。     

用LSD法再探泥石流地貌要素之隐式关系

藉助MATLAB工具,对泥石流沟的六个地貌要素之流域面积、主沟长、切割度、沟口高程、流域高差和沟床比降等,一起用最小平方距离法(LSD)进行了初步处理分析之探讨:建立了线性相关的回归方程,并与用最小二乘法(LS)得到的线性回归方程进行比较,一些参数的估计值得到了改善。     

基于粗集—神经网络的磨粒模式识别

应用粗集理论中最小约简的近似算法 ,对磨粒的形状参数进行约简 ,找出判断磨粒模式的形状参数长短轴比 Rt和圆度 Rd,同时采用这些参数训练神经网络以进行磨粒模式识别 .结果表明 :应用此算法 ,对 63个已知样本和历时 2年多对柴油机 1 4 5个润滑油油样进行制谱分析判断 ,准确率在 90 %以上 ,比原来用模糊识别的准确率提高了约 1 0个百分点 ;使用 BP网络减化了网络结构 ,使网络的训练速度加快 ,整个系统变得简单、可靠、有效