球形弹丸正撞击薄板防护屏碎片云特性研究

以质量、动量和能量守恒为基础,结合平面激波理论和热力学理论,对球形铝弹丸正撞击薄板铝防护屏形成的碎片云特性进行了建模,模型计算结果与实验结果吻合较好。利用该模型对多种工况下碎片云特性进行了计算,结果表明:(1)碎片云质心速度和膨胀速度随撞击速度和弹丸直径的增加而增大,随防护屏厚度增大而减小;膨胀半角随撞击速度和防护屏厚度的增大而增大,随弹丸直径的增大而减小;(2)速度和膨胀半角变化曲线具有相似性;(3)对于给定的弹丸和防护屏材料,碎片云中受到激波加载部分的材料各相态质量分数只与弹丸撞击速度有关。这些规律与实验规律吻合。     

磁流体在铁谱技术中的应用研究

通过对某矿井提升机滑动轴承工况的实际监测 ,考察了磁流体对铁谱仪中非铁磁性颗粒沉积的影响 .结果表明 :磁流体可以使非铁磁性颗粒有效地沉积在铁谱仪的谱片上 ,使谱片携带更加全面的信息 ;磁流体对非铁磁性颗粒的“磁化”作用具有选择性 .磁流体可以用于监测非铁磁性颗粒     

聚四氟乙烯磨损机理的探讨

作者用MPX-200型栓-盘摩擦磨损试验机测试了模压聚四氟乙烯的磨损性能,考察了滑动速度、负菏、温度及偶件表面粗糙度对磨损的影响。磨屑分子量的测试结果表明,其大小与聚四氟乙烯磨损的严重程度成正比;磨屑的分子量比聚四氟乙烯本体的小,在本试验条件下磨屑分子量的降低为2—3个数量级;当超过极限PV值时,磨屑分子量的下降幅度急剧变小。作者指出,聚四氟乙烯之磨损随温度的变化与其所处的力学状态有关。通过电子显微镜和电子探针对试样、偶件和磨屑的表面观察,作者提出了聚四氟乙烯薄带状磨屑的形成机理,认为它是由聚四氟乙烯分子链受剪拉伸成束及较弱的束断裂的形式所产生。     

小口径PELE作用薄靶板影响因素的实验研究

为了确定影响小口径PELE对薄靶板作用效果的关键因素,改变弹体材料、装填物材料、弹丸着速和着角,在12.7mm弹道枪上发射PELE对固定靶板进行撞击试验。试验结果表明,弹体采用压拉比高的材料时,PELE横向效应明显;在试验速度范围内,随着速的提高,PELE破片数量增多,横向效应增强;装填物材料对横向效应的主要影响因素是泊松比和弹性模量,而不是密度;在0°~45°范围内,随着角的增大,PELE横向效应增强。这些结论为小口径PELE的设计和运用提供了重要依据。     

Establishment of a novel in vitro test setup exposing adherent cells to wear particles made of polyethylene

Wear debris from endoprostheses leads to osteolysis and causes aseptic loosening. Cellular interactions with ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMW-PE) particles are rarely described because of the difficulty of incubation of adherent cells with floating polyethylene particles in vitro.The aim of this study was to develop a technique for analysing interactions of adherent cells with UHMW-PE particles in vitro. Therefore, different volumes of a wear particle suspension, generated in a standard hip wear simulator, were digested and filtered through polycarbonate filters. The filters were applied to cell culture inserts cultivated with human osteoblasts. Particle analysis resulted in a significant reduction of particle numbers in different suspension volumes.Exposure to the highest particle density resulted in a significant decrease of collagen 1 synthesis as well as a tendency for increasing matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) production. Therefore, involvement of osteoblasts in matrix degradation due to wear debris can be assumed.     

A low debris laser plasma soft X-ray source

Low debris laser plasma soft X-ray source is of great importance to micro-lithography and microscopy. In this paper, a 1.06 μm YAG laser with 2 J energy, 10 ns duration is employed to irradiate a CO₂ cryogenic target. Soft X-ray spectra from the CO₂ cryogenic target are obtained. Experimental results of debris measurement from both CO₂ cryogenic and Cu targets demonstrate that the light source based on the CO₂ cryogenic target shows great improvement over conventional metal targets in debris reduction.     

空间碎片超高速撞击压力容器碎片云特性数值模拟研究

 针对空间碎片超高速撞击充气压力容器问题,应用非线性动力学分析软件AUTODYN-2D,采用SPH方法对碎片云在高压气体中的运动特性进行了数值模拟研究。在建模过程中,分析比较了材料状态方程对数值模拟结果的影响,并通过与实验结果的比较,选取了适合该问题的状态方程,验证了数值模拟方法的有效性。结果表明：由于容器内压气体的存在,碎片云运动发生减速,并且碎片云的轴向扩展速度相对于碎片云的径向扩展速度减速较慢;高速撞击产生的碎片云与容器内的高压气体发生了强烈的相互作用,碎片云尖端产生的钉状物及高压气体中产生的冲击波是控制容器在撞击后发生进一步破坏的两个重要因素。     

Stripping Voltammetric Analysis of Mercury at Base-treated Graphene Oxide Electrodes

According to the Rourke's model, graphene oxide(GO) synthesized from the oxidation of graphite actually consisted of partly oxidized graphene sheets and highly oxidized debris(OD). The OD was strongly adhered to the surface of graphene sheets, while they could be facilely removed by a base-washing procedure. The existence and removal by base-washing of OD were characterized by means of thermogravimetric analysis(TGA), FTIR spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS), transmission electron microscopy(TEM) and Raman spectroscopy. The adsorption of OD not only made a great difference to the physical and chemical properties of GO, but also affected its electrochemical behavior when it was employed as an electrode material. In this article, we demonstrated that the electrochemical deposition and the subsequent voltammetric stripping analysis of mercury were significantly influenced by the presence of OD. The consequence suggests that the presence of OD on the sheets of GO restricts the electrochemical deposition behavior of mercury and further lowers the sensitivity of the voltammetric stripping responses. The sensitivity was observed as 0.78 A·L·mol^-1 at base-washed(bw)-GO/GC(glassy carbon) better than that at as-prepared GO(a-GO)/GC for 0.28 A·L·mol^-1. The limit of detection was calculated as 2.95 and 0.83 μmol/L before and after removing the OD, respectively. The availability of both electrodes was evaluated by detecting Hg²⁺ in lake water specimens using standard samples recovery.     

用最小平方距离法对泥石流地貌要素之初探

藉助MATLAB工具 ,对泥石流沟的六个地貌要素之沟床比降与切割度、流域面积与主沟长 ,用最小平方距离法进行了初步处理分析的探讨 :建立了线性相关的回归方程 ,并与用最小二乘法得到的线性回归方程进行比较 ,一些参数的估计值得到了改善     

A simple,inexpensive, rapid,sensitive and solventless technique for the analysis of accelerants in fire debris based on SPME

The current method of choice for the extraction of flammable or combustible liquid resides from fire debris samples is passive headspace concentration using activated charcoal strips (ACS) for adsorption of the liquid residues followed by elution with carbon disulfide or other suitable solvent. Presently, we report a new technique based on headspace solid-phase microextraction which has been successfully applied to the identification of a wide range of accelerants commonly seen in arson analysis. The SPME technique developed is simple, inexpensive, rapid, and eliminates the use of the highly flammable and toxic solvent carbon disulfide. Results using this SPME method have been directly compared to results obtained via the ACS technique for light, medium, and heavy petroleum distillates as well as gasoline. All of the accelerants studied were accurately identified by the SPME method with equal or greater sensitivity compared to the ACS method.