神光-Ⅱ激光装置上的针孔点背光成像技术实验研究

 在神光-Ⅱ激光器上开展了针孔点背光成像技术实验研究,利用第9路激光驱动平面钛靶获得4.75 keV的准单能光源,在10 μm的针孔约束下形成次级点光源对镍网格等样品成像。实验获取了清晰的网格图像,空间分辨力达到7 μm,并对烧蚀碎片、杂散光等该技术的关键性问题进行了系统深入的研究分析。实验结果表明：针孔点背光具有高空间分辨力、大视场等特点,优于传统背光技术。     

短脉冲激光打靶用溅射防护薄膜的光学性质

针对短脉冲激光打靶用溅射防护聚合物薄膜做了初步研究。研究了氟化乙丙共聚物(FEP)、全氟烷氧基共聚物和乙烯-四氟乙烯共聚物三种厚度均为25μm的聚合物薄膜的透过率,结果表明FEP薄膜在355nm处光透过率达93%,有望用于激光打靶的溅射防护。进一步对FEP聚合物薄膜的波前畸变、激光损伤阈值进行了研究,结果表明φ80mm的聚合物薄膜在632.8nm处的透射波前畸变的峰谷值(PV值)为波长的1.006倍;在采用输出波长355nm,脉冲宽度9.3ns的Nd:YAG激光为照射光源波长处,薄膜零损伤概率时的最高激光能量密度为10.35J/cm2,100%损伤概率时的最低激光能量密度为11.48J/cm2。     

流体润滑状态下磨粒尺寸对液压泵磨损的影响

本文研究了流体润滑状态下磨粒尺寸对液压泵磨损的影响。结果表明,在液压系统中,泵的磨损主要决定于磨粒与泵内关键运动副动态间隙之间的尺寸关系:尺寸小于动态间隙的磨粒影响很小;尺寸明显比动态间隙大的磨粒不会对泵产生磨损作用;尺寸与动态间隙很接近的磨粒能使泵发生严重磨损。作者还利用扫描电子显微镜对流体润滑状态下三体磨粒磨损中的磨屑形貌进行了观察与分析,并且提出了控制液压系统中磨粒损磨的可行施措。     

激光烧蚀冲量耦合系数解析计算模型

利用激光清除空间碎片被认为是一种可行手段,冲量耦合系数是数值计算空间碎片清除效果的重要参数。建立了激光烧蚀冲量耦合系数解析计算模型,引入电离度参数,将气化机制与等离子体机制两种机制下的冲量耦合系数解析计算模型联系起来,建立统一的耦合系数解析模型。以空间碎片常见材料Al为例,计算得到冲量耦合系数、电离度、激光功率密度三者之间的变化关系。随着激光功率密度的增加,气化机制逐渐向等离子体机制过渡,电离度增加,直至完全电离,冲量耦合系数先增加后减少,并且在等离子机制占主导情况下达到最优冲量耦合。     

激光烧蚀冲量耦合系数解析计算模型

利用激光清除空间碎片被认为是一种可行手段,冲量耦合系数是数值计算空间碎片清除效果的重要参数。建立了激光烧蚀冲量耦合系数解析计算模型,引入电离度参数,将气化机制与等离子体机制两种机制下的冲量耦合系数解析计算模型联系起来,建立统一的耦合系数解析模型。以空间碎片常见材料Al为例,计算得到冲量耦合系数、电离度、激光功率密度三者之间的变化关系。随着激光功率密度的增加,气化机制逐渐向等离子体机制过渡,电离度增加,直至完全电离,冲量耦合系数先增加后减少,并且在等离子机制占主导情况下达到最优冲量耦合。     

The behavior of lipid debris left on cell surfaces from microbubble based ultrasound molecular imaging

Lipid monolayer coated microbubbles are currently being developed to identify vascular regions that express certain surface proteins as part of the new technique of ultrasound molecular imaging. The microbubbles are functionalized with targeting ligands which bind to the desired cells holding the microbubbles in place as the remaining unbound microbubbles are eliminated from circulation. Subsequent scanning with ultrasound can detect the highly reflectant microbubbles that are left behind. The ultrasound scanning and detection process results in the destruction of the microbubble, creating lipid fragments from the monolayer. Here we demonstrate that microbubbles targeted to 4T1 murine breast cancer cells and human umbilical cord endothelial cells leave behind adhered fragments of the lipid monolayer after exposure to ultrasound with peak negative pressures of 0.18 and 0.8 MPa. Most of the observed fragments were large enough to be resistant to receptor mediated endocytosis. The fragments were not observed to incorporate into the lipid membrane of the cell over a period of 96 min. They were not observed to break into smaller pieces or significantly change shape but they were observed to undergo translation and rotation across the cell surface as the cells migrated over the substrate. These large fragments will apparently remain on the surface of the targeted cells for significant periods of time and need to be considered for their potential effects on blood flow through the microcapillaries and potential for immune system recognition.     

低轨微小卫星及小碎片搜索/跟踪机动式大视场光电望远镜

有效反射面积小,运动速度快的空间低轨卫星和小碎片的日益增多对现有地基探测跟踪技术提出了挑战。本文分析了国外现有低轨小目标光电探测技术的发展现状,结合低轨小目标的探测需求,提出了一种用于低轨微小卫星及小碎片搜索/跟踪探测的机动式车载大视场光电望远镜设计方案。介绍了该望远镜的光学系统、跟踪架及载车,描述了它的工作模式和图像处理,讨论了系统的搜索和探测能力。结果表明,该望远镜对300 km轨道高度的目标搜索能力达到13.5星等（相当于直径5 cm目标）,可以满足搜索和跟踪低轨微小卫星及小碎片探测的实际需求。     

充气压力容器高速撞击实验研究

为了确定高速撞击条件下压力容器发生具有撕裂的简单穿孔和裂纹失稳扩展的界限 ,实验采用长径比为 0 56的铝柱状弹丸在约 1 7km/s的速度下正撞击铝罐。大部分实验采用的是未防护的铝罐 ,铝罐的压力从 0～ 0 4MPa变化来探索获得不同损伤形式的压力条件。给出了铝罐前、后壁从穿孔到裂纹失稳扩展的实验结果。防护铝罐的主要损伤是其前壁的裂纹失稳扩展。确定了发生裂纹失稳扩展的临界压力 ,并对发生裂纹失稳扩展的临界尺寸进行了分析。     

A corrected smooth particle hydrodynamics method for the simulation of debris flows

This article presents the development and application of a corrected smooth particle hydrodynamics (CSPH) code to the simulation of debris flow and avalanches. The advantages of a mesh‐free method over other traditional numerical methods such as the finite element method are discussed. A new frictional approach for the boundary conditions and modified constitutive equations are introduced in the SPH method. The resulting technique is then applied for the simulation of debris flows, comparing the results with those obtained from experiments reported by other researchers. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 20: 140–163, 2004.     

激光等离子体软X射线源靶材的选择及特性

 给出了用于软X射线投影光刻的激光等离子体源靶材的选择依据。计算了类锂氧离子的辐射跃迁波长和相应的跃迁速率值。并通过与常规金属靶的比较, 给出了实验靶的一些特性。