运动员与体力劳动者代谢组学判别模型的建立

不同职业的人群健康状态不同,需要不同的健康管理方法,根据各类人群的体质特征建立健康状态的评估方法有助于开展个性化的健康指导.招募运动员(Athlete,n=31)和体力劳动者(Labour,n=42)共73人,分别收集两组志愿者的晨尿.运用一维核磁共振(1D NMR)技术检测尿液中的代谢产物.建立主成分(PCA)及正交偏最小二乘判别分析(OPLS-DA)模型筛选2类人群间的差异代谢标志物.通过可接收操作特征曲线(ROC)评价代谢标志物的假阳性特征,t-test检验代谢标志物的显著性.利用代谢标志物建立两类人群的偏最小二乘判别分析(PLS-DA)预测模型.模型的有效性通过内部交叉、置换检验和外部预测检验确认.结果显示2类人群之间差异的代谢物有24个,通过其中20个代谢标志物建立的预测模型最优(曲线下面积AUC=0.998).内部交叉验证的误判率(FDR)分别为3.2%和0.内部置换检验的p=3.34×10~(–5).外部预测检验误判率为0.这为不同职业人群健康预测模型的建立提供了思路.     

延迟自反馈控制Hindmarsh-Rose神经元的混沌运动

利用线性时间延迟自反馈方法,研究单个Hindmarsh-Rose（H-R）神经元模型混沌动力学模式的控制问题.分别将增益因子和时间延迟作为控制参数,通过数值模拟分析,发现在增益因子和时间延迟两个参数组合的一些范围内,混沌动力学模式的H-R神经元运动可自动被控制成时间间隔意义上的单峰、2峰、3峰及4峰的周期或多倍周期模式.延迟时间的选取并无特别要求,不必和嵌入在混沌吸引子内的某不稳周期轨道的周期相同,延迟控制自适应地引导混沌轨到相应的放电峰峰间隔的周期模式上. 关键词： H-R神经元 延迟反馈控制 混沌放电模式 峰峰间隔周期     

介质阻挡放电中点线超四边形发光斑图研究

采用光电倍增管和光谱仪,研究了介质阻挡放电中点线超四边形发光斑图的时空结构和等离子参数。通过对斑图中放电丝光信号的采集和分析可知:点线超四边形斑图是由四套不同的子结构相互嵌套而成,在每半个电压周期内依次为小点四边形、大点连线、大点晕和位于大点中心的小点四边形。其中前三套子结构在电压上升沿放电,最后一套在电压下降沿放电。利用发射光谱法,采集了氮分子(N2)第二正带系(C3Πu→B3Πg)发射谱线,并计算得到了点线超四边形斑图中不同子结构的分子振动温度。结果表明:小点、大点连线和大点的分子振动温度几乎相同。讨论了介质表面的壁电荷分布对点线超四边形斑图的形成及其时空动力学行为的影响。     

基于级联神经网络的实用型三维复合不变性多目标识别

以三 飞机模型作为待识别目标,模型真实场景,对用于多目标分类识别的级联神经网络重新进行了研究。实验发现畜产品上降的主要原因是实际采集的目标发生的复杂畸变与计算机模拟产生的效果并不一样。用采集得到的目标图像作为训练样本,对网络重新构造和训练,取得了好的实验结果。分析了其中涉及到目标定位、图像分割等图像预处理问题,提出了一种基于二值图像开矿学腐蚀运算的快速目标检测位法,可快速有效地对目标进行检测定 。     

Trajectory Segmentation and Symbolic Representation of Dynamics of Delayed Recurrent Inhibitory Neural Loops

We develop a general symbolic dynamics framework to examine the dynamics of an analogue of the integrate-and-fire neuron model of recurrent inhibitory loops with delayed feedback, which incorporates the firing procedure and absolute refractoriness. We first show that the interaction of the delay, the inhibitory feedback and the absolute refractoriness can generate three basic types of oscillations, and these oscillations can be pinned together to form interesting coexisting periodic patterns in the case of short feedback duration. We then develop a natural symbolic dynamics formulation for the segmentation of a typical trajectory in terms of the basic oscillatory patterns, and use this to derive general principles that determine whether a periodic pattern can and should occur.     

Homo- and Heterogeneous Glycoconjugates on the Basis of N-Glycans and Human Serum Albumin: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation

Neoglycoconjugates mimicking natural compounds and possessing a variety of biological functions are very successful tools for researchers to understand the general mechanisms of many biological processes in living organisms. These substances are characterized by high biotolerance and specificity, with low toxicity. Due to the difficult isolation of individual glycoclusters from biological objects, special interest has been directed toward synthetic analogs. This review is mainly focused on the one-pot, double-click methodology (containing alkyne–azide click cycloaddition with the following 6π-azaelectrocyclization reactions) used in the synthesis of N-glycoconjugates. Homogeneous (including one type of biantennary N-glycan fragments) and heterogeneous (containing two to four types of biantennary N-glycan fragments) glycoclusters on albumin were synthesized via this strategy. A series of cell-, tissue- and animal-based experiments proved glycoclusters to be a very promising class of targeted delivery systems. Depending on the oligosaccharide units combined in the cluster, their amount, and arrangement relative to one another, conjugates can recognize various cells, including cancer cells, with high selectivity. These results open new perspectives for affected tissue visualization and treatment.     

复合振子天线阵列的数值模拟

 用时域有限差分方法模拟了由复合振子天线单元组成的天线阵列的辐射特性;计算了天线从同轴线的馈电效率,给出了天线阵列的辐射场和能量方向图;比较了不同排列方式下阵列的辐射方向图。模拟结果表明：这种天线阵列具有宽带特性和较高的馈电效率,适合于超宽带电磁脉冲的辐射应用。     

A Pattern Dictionary Method for Anomaly Detection

In this paper, we propose a compression-based anomaly detection method for time series and sequence data using a pattern dictionary. The proposed method is capable of learning complex patterns in a training data sequence, using these learned patterns to detect potentially anomalous patterns in a test data sequence. The proposed pattern dictionary method uses a measure of complexity of the test sequence as an anomaly score that can be used to perform stand-alone anomaly detection. We also show that when combined with a universal source coder, the proposed pattern dictionary yields a powerful atypicality detector that is equally applicable to anomaly detection. The pattern dictionary-based atypicality detector uses an anomaly score defined as the difference between the complexity of the test sequence data encoded by the trained pattern dictionary (typical) encoder and the universal (atypical) encoder, respectively. We consider two complexity measures: the number of parsed phrases in the sequence, and the length of the encoded sequence (codelength). Specializing to a particular type of universal encoder, the Tree-Structured Lempel–Ziv (LZ78), we obtain a novel non-asymptotic upper bound, in terms of the Lambert W function, on the number of distinct phrases resulting from the LZ78 parser. This non-asymptotic bound determines the range of anomaly score. As a concrete application, we illustrate the pattern dictionary framework for constructing a baseline of health against which anomalous deviations can be detected.     

软模板印刷法制备超疏水性聚苯乙烯膜

首次利用软模板印刷的方法,以微米-亚微米-纳米复合结构的PDMS为软模板,在平滑聚苯乙烯表面上成功制备了同样具有微米-亚微米-纳米复合结构的超疏水表面,该表面与水的接触角高达161.2º。软模板印刷方法可以用在其它热塑性聚合物如聚丙烯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯和聚碳酸酯等材料上,是一种简单有效地制备超疏水性表面的方法。     

Unusual case of desmotropy. Combined spectroscopy (1H-14N NQDR) and quantum chemistry (periodic hybrid DFT/QTAIM and Hirshfeld surface-based) study of solid dacarbazine (anti-neoplastic)

Antineoplastic chemo-therapeutic drug 5-(3,3-dimethyl-1-triazenyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide (Dacarbazine, DTIC), has been studied experimentally in solid state by ¹H-¹⁴N NQDR double resonance at 295 K and theoretically by the Density Functional Theory (DFT)/Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules (QTAIM) and Hirshfeld surfaces analysis. Only one set of eighteen resonance frequencies was found in the experiment. This indicates the presence of six inequivalent nitrogen sites: –N(CH₃), –NH₂, –NH- and three –N= (of which one is a ring, two are from triazene) in the DTIC molecule. This contradicts the X-ray data which revealed the multiplication of nitrogen sites due to unusual desmotropism. The averaging of NQR frequencies caused by the fast in NQR time-scale exchange of protons in a double-well potential combined with the oscillations of twisted supramolecular synthons was proposed as a potential mechanism responsible for this apparent contradiction. An effective improvement in the quality of the spectrum reproduction was achieved when the calculations were performed assuming the periodic boundary conditions, BLYP functional, the DNP basis set and taking the 3×3×3 k-point separation. The ordering of the nitrogen sites according to the increasing quadrupole coupling constant (QCC): N(3)<N(2)<N(6)<N(1)<N(4)<N(5) reflects the metabolic pathway of DTIC. Two sites N(5) and N(4) with the highest QCC are responsible for the first step – conversion to MTIC (5-[3-methyl-triazen-1-yl]-imidazole-4-carboxamide) required for effective processes of binding dacarbazine to DNA (demethylation of N(5)), and the second step – fast conversion of MTIC to 5-amino-1H-imidazole-4-carboxamide (AIC; remove –N(4)–N(5)HCH₃). N(5) does not participate in any, while N(4) participates in weak C(2)H⋯N(4) interaction which can be readily broken. The four remaining nitrogen atoms N(1), N(2), N(3) and N(6) participate in strong intermolecular N(1)H⋯N(2) and intramolecular N(3)–H⋯N(6) bonds, which stiffen the crystalline structure.