Effect of surface lay in the surface roughness evaluation using machine vision

This work explores the influence of orientation of surface lay pattern of the machined components, while quantifying the surface roughness using machine vision approach. The surface images are captured from milled low carbon steel specimens with different roughness values using a vision system with coaxial lighting arrangement at different angular orientations of the work pieces (0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 90°, 120°, 135°, 150°, and 180°). The captured images are subjected to preprocessing in order to retain the frequency components that attribute to roughness using a Gaussian filter by adapting the filtering procedures specified in ISO 4288. Numerous image based parameters such as gray level average (G_a), gray level co-occurrence matrix based image quantification parameters namely contrast, correlation, energy or uniformity, maximum probability and differential box courting based fractal dimension are computed from the surface images captured at different angular positions of the work piece. The computed vision based parameters are compared and correlated with the roughness average (R_a) obtained using a stylus instrument and the results are analyzed. The results clearly indicated that it is important to consider the orientation of the work piece when the machine vision approach is used to quantify the surface texture parameters.     

Digital image correlation for large deformation applied in Ti alloy compression and tension test

In this paper, digital speckle correlation is used in the measurement of Ti alloy compression and tension test. The key technologies applied in the measurement are discussed in detail, including camera calibration with telephoto lens and digital image correlation in large deformation. Single camera self-calibration algorithm based on photogrammetry is proposed. In the algorithm, the interior parameters of camera are estimated without calibrated object, using the bundle adjustment technique, so the 3-D coordinates of calibration target points are not needed in advance to get a reliable camera calibration result. An updating reference image scheme could be employed to deal with large deformation situation. A large deformation measurement scheme, updating reference image scheme, is proposed in this paper. The un-deformed image is used as reference in correlation at first. Only for extremely large deformation field, in which iteration of correlation is not convergent, the reference image is updated to the image of previous deformed stage. Using this method, not only extremely large deformation can be measured successfully but also the accumulated error could be controlled. The 75 mm lens is calibrated in the measurement and compared the result with extensometer and un-calibrated image. Experimental results show that up to 150% tensile deformation and 50% compression deformation can be measured successfully.     

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采用增量式PID控制算法和基于FPGA的相移数字触发器组成的励磁反馈控制系统实现对HL-2A装置脉冲发电机输出的控制,并通过基于西门子PLC构成的逻辑控制系统保护励磁系统的安全。实际运行结果表明,该励磁控制系统具有控制精度高、运行稳定可靠的优点。     

A space-time approach in digital image correlation: Movie-DIC

A new method is proposed to estimate arbitrary velocity fields from a time series of images acquired by a single camera. This approach, here focused on a single spatial plus a time dimension, is specialized to the decomposition of the velocity field over rectangular shaped (finite-element) bilinear shape functions. It is therefore assumed that the velocity field is essentially aligned along one direction. The use of a time sequence over which the velocity is assumed to have a smooth temporal change allows one to use elements whose spatial extension is much smaller than in traditional digital image correlation based on successive image pairs. This method is first qualified by using synthetic numerical test cases, and then applied to a dynamic tensile test performed on a tantalum specimen. Improvements with respect to classical digital image correlation techniques are observed in terms of spatial resolution.     

Monitoring of drying process and cracking/disbonding of paints using lensless Fourier transform digital holography

We have proposed and demonstrated a new application of lensless Fourier transform digital holographic interferometry to study/monitor the drying process and detection of cracking/disbonding of the painted surface by observing the dynamics of interference phase maps. The technique can monitor the rate of drying of paint and visualize the state of dryness and crack/disbond. The technique is simple and easy to implement.     

The expected profile of digital search trees

A digital search tree (DST) is a fundamental data structure on words that finds various applications from the popular Lempel-Ziv?78 data compression scheme to distributed hash tables. The profile of a DST measures the number of nodes at the same distance from the root; it depends on the number of stored strings and the distance from the root. Most parameters of DST (e.g., depth, height, fillup) can be expressed in terms of the profile. We study here asymptotics of the average profile in a DST built from sequences generated independently by a memoryless source. After representing the average profile by a recurrence, we solve it using a wide range of analytic tools. This analysis is surprisingly demanding but once it is carried out it reveals an unusually intriguing and interesting behavior. The average profile undergoes phase transitions when moving from the root to the longest path: at first it resembles a full tree until it abruptly starts growing polynomially and oscillating in this range. These results are derived by methods of analytic combinatorics such as generating functions, Mellin transform, poissonization and depoissonization, the saddle point method, singularity analysis and uniform asymptotic analysis.     

基于数字钻孔影像的深部结构面类型识别及发育特征研究

深部岩体中不同类型的结构面对地下水封洞库的稳定性和水封条件产生不同的影响效应,开展深部岩体中结构面类型识别与发育特征研究具有非常重要的意义。结合黄岛地下水封洞库工程,基于数字钻孔影像技术,从曲线的形状、宽度、颜色、交错关系以及曲线周围岩石岩性等方面分析了洞库区深部发育的4类结构面的钻孔影像特征,并以ZK8中120m~-60m 段为例进行了深部结构面类型识别和发育特征研究。结果表明:(1)洞库区各类结构面具有不同的钻孔影像特征,可以借此开展深部结构面发育特征的分类研究; (2)洞库区构造节理和变质分异面发育数量沿纵深方向呈现逐渐减小的特征,且变质分异面仅发育在30m高程以上区域,岩脉侵入节理主要发育于局部较小范围,对洞室群的影响视其发育位置而异。因此应注重对深部结构面发育特征的研究,为工程建设提供翔实可靠的依据。     

低山丘陵区可见光谱的分形特征

遥感影像记录的反射光谱特征主要来源于异质反射地物的光谱综合作用,了解其空间分布特征有助于影像解译和遥感模型的建立.该文以低山丘陵区10月底多光谱TM遥感影像为研究对象,采用统计学和多重分形相结合的手段分析其空间变异性.结果表明,研究区可见光谱(0.45～0.69μm)亮度值(digital number,DN)空间分布...     

空间用斯特林制冷机的过程控制

斯特林制冷机在空间探测中的应用越来越广泛,其驱动控制也至关重要.针对特定的斯特林制冷机,设计了以FPGA作为核心的控制系统,简单介绍了系统的硬件结构以及直线电机的正弦波驱动波形,详细讲解了制冷机的启动、降温、稳温等过程控制,重点论述了温度PlD算法实现的问题,通过跟踪制冷过程温度变化曲线,验证了控制模块的功能特性.     

抗亮度和对比度调整的盲鲁棒量化水印算法

针对现有许多图像水印算法无法抵抗亮度和对比度调整,提出了一种抗亮度和对比度调整的盲鲁棒量化水印算法.对原始图像进行离散小波变换,将低频子带分成互不重叠的子块,对每个子块进行离散余弦变换,在每个子块的离散余弦变换低频系数奇偶量化嵌入水印.检测端先对攻击 后的含水印图像进行抗亮度和对比度调整修正,然后通过奇偶判断盲提...