On the improvement of signal repeatability in laser-induced air plasmas

The relatively low repeatability of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) severely hinders its wide commercialization. In the present work, we investigate the optimization of LIBS system for repeatability improvement for both signal generation (plasma evolution) and signal collection. Timeintegrated spectra and images were obtained under different laser energies and focal lengths to investigate the optimum configuration for stable plasmas and repeatable signals. Using our experimental setup, the optimum conditions were found to be a laser energy of 250 mJ and a focus length of 100 mm. A stable and homogeneous plasma with the largest hot core area in the optimum condition yielded the most stable LIBS signal. Time-resolved images showed that the rebounding processes through the air plasma evolution caused the relative standard deviation (RSD) to increase with laser energies of > 250 mJ. In addition, the emission collection was improved by using a concave spherical mirror. The line intensities doubled as their RSDs decreased by approximately 25%. When the signal generation and collection were optimized simultaneously, the pulse-to-pulse RSDs were reduced to approximately 3% for O(I), N(I), and H(I) lines, which are better than the RSDs reported for solid samples and showed great potential for LIBS quantitative analysis by gasifying the solid or liquid samples.     

A quantum search algorithm based on partial adiabatic evolution

This paper presents and implements a specified partial adiabatic search algorithm on a quantum circuit. It studies the minimum energy gap between the first excited state and the ground state of the system Hamiltonian and it finds that,in the case of M = 1,the algorithm has the same performance as the local adiabatic algorithm. However,the algorithm evolves globally only within a small interval,which implies that it keeps the advantages of global adiabatic algorithms without losing the speedup of the local adiabatic search algorithm.     

大气压直流激励空气等离子体羽发光的时空演化

在针-针电极结构的放电装置中以环境空气作为工作气体,大气压下产生了刷形等离子体羽。尽管使用的是直流电源,但放电发光呈现出脉冲性质,发光脉冲频率几乎不受气体流速的影响,但与电源输出功率成正相关关系。等离子体羽的长度与气体流速或者电源功率成正相关关系。通道出口附近,777.4 nm的氧原子谱线强度分布是非对称的,阴极附近处的谱线强度高于阳极附近处的谱线强度。远离通道出口位置,谱线强度逐渐趋于轴对称分布。电学特性和10 μs曝光高速影像结果表明,空气等离子体羽实际上是由拱形放电丝在远离通道出口的运动过程中叠加而成,同时放电从弧光放电丝向均匀辉光放电转化。     

Calibration of a stochastic health evolution model using NHIS data

This paper presents and calibrates an individual’s stochastic health evolution model. In this health evolution model, the uncertainty of health incidents is described by a stochastic process with a finite number of possible outcomes. We construct a comprehensive health status index (HSI) to describe an individual’s health status, as well as a health risk factor system (RFS) to classify individuals into different risk groups. Based on the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) method and the method of nonlinear least squares fitting, model calibration is formulated in terms of two mixed-integer nonlinear optimization problems. Using the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) data, the model is calibrated for specific risk groups. Longitudinal data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) is used to validate the calibrated model, which displays good validation properties. The end goal of this paper is to provide a model and methodology, whose output can serve as a crucial component of decision support for strategic planning of health related financing and risk management.     

A simulation study of microstructure evolution during solidification process of liquid metal Ni

A molecular dynamics simulation study has been performed for the microstructure evolution in a liquid metal Ni system during crystallization process at two cooling rates by adopting the embedded atom method (EAM) model potential. The bond-type index method of Honeycutt--Andersen (HA) and a new cluster-type index method (CTIM-2) have been used to detect and analyse the microstructures in this system. It is demonstrated that the cooling rate plays a critical role in the microstructure evolution: below the crystallization temperature $T_{\rm c}$, the effects of cooling rate are very remarkable and can be fully displayed. At different cooling rates of $2.0\times10^{13}$\,K\,$\cdot$\,s$^{-1}$ and $1.0\times10^{12}$\,K\,$\cdot$\,s$^{-1}$, two different kinds of crystal structures are obtained in the system. The first one is the coexistence of the hcp (expressed by (12 0 0 0 6 6) in CTIM-2) and the fcc (12 0 0 0 12 0) basic clusters consisting of 1421 and 1422 bond-types, and the hcp basic cluster becomes the dominant one with decreasing temperature, the second one is mainly the fcc (12 0 0 0 12 0) basic clusters consisting of 1421 bond-type, and their crystallization temperatures $T_{\rm c}$ would be 1073 and 1173\,K, respectively.     

Solution for One-Dimensional Quantum Oscillator with Time-Dependent Frequency and Mass

Based on the generalized linear quantum transformation theory, we present a normal ordering evolution operator for onedimensional quant urn oscillator with time-dependent frequency and mass, then give the exact expression of the evolution matrix elements, wave function and expectation value of arbitrary observable.     

Solution of Time-Dependent Diffusion Equations with Variable Coefficients Using Multiwavelets

A new numerical algorithm is developed for the solution of time-dependent differential equations of diffusion type. It allows for an accurate and efficient treatment of multidimensional problems with variable coefficients, nonlinearities, and general boundary conditions. For space discretization we use the multiwavelet bases introduced by Alpert (1993,SIAM J. Math. Anal.24, 246–262), and then applied to the representation of differential operators and functions of operators presented by Alpert, Beylkin, and Vozovoi (Representation of operators in the multiwavelet basis, in preparation). An important advantage of multiwavelet basis functions is the fact that they are supported only on non-overlapping subdomains. Thus multiwavelet bases are attractive for solving problems in finite (non periodic) domains. Boundary conditions are imposed with a penalty technique of Hesthaven and Gottlieb (1996,SIAM J. Sci. Comput., 579–612) which can be used to impose rather general boundary conditions. The penalty approach was extended to a procedure for ensuring the continuity of the solution and its first derivative across interior boundaries between neighboring subdomains while time stepping the solution of a time dependent problem. This penalty procedure on the interfaces allows for a simplification and sparsification of the representation of differential operators by discarding the elements responsible for interactions between neighboring subdomains. Consequently the matrices representing the differential operators (on the finest scale) have block-diagonal structure. For a fixed order of multiwavelets (i.e., a fixed number of vanishing moments) the computational complexity of the present algorithm is proportional to the number of subdomains. The time discretization method of Beylkin, Keiser, and Vozovoi (1998, PAM Report 347) is used in view of its favorable stability properties. Numerical results are presented for evolution equations with variable coefficients in one and two dimensions.     

微扰QCD演化过程中存在遮蔽效应的一个证据

核子的纵向结构函数F_L以及虚光子吸收的纵向和横向散射截面的比值R_L在小X区域主要取决于胶子的分布函数.而胶子的初始分布函数的形式决定了在演化过程中是否要考虑遮蔽效应.利用新的动力学演化方程分析了F_L和R_L,发现在部分子演化过程中存在遮蔽现象.     

Scale-Free Properties in Traffic System

In this work, we propose a new model of evolution networks, which is based on the evolution of the traffic flow. In our method, the network growth does not take into account preferential attachment, and the attachment of new node is independent of the degree of nodes. Our aim is that employing the theory of evolution network, we give a further understanding about the dynamical evolution of the traffic flow. We investigate the probability distributions and scaling properties of the proposed model. The simulation results indicate that in the proposed model, the distribution of the output connections can be well described by scale-free distribution. Moreover, the distribution of the connections is largely related to the traffic flow states, such as the exponential distribution (i.e., the scale-free distribution) and random distribution etc.     

费米环境中两个三能级原子系统的纠缠演化

利用负性纠缠度(negativity)研究了两个三能级原子系统在费米环境中的纠缠演化问题-结果表明,两个三能级原子系统的纠缠演化不仅依赖于系统和环境的相互作用强度,而且还依赖于系统所处的具体量子态-通过例子发现,系统和环境相互作用强度越大,纠缠衰减越快;对于纯态,仅当时间趋于无穷时纠缠才被完全破坏;对于混态,则在有限的时间内纠缠即被彻底破坏-通过一般的分析找到了一类免退相干的量子子空间-在这些子空间中,量子态不受环境的影响,故其纠缠不变-研究有助于理解费米环境造成的退相干对玻色系统纠缠的影响- 关键词： 费米环境 纠缠演化 两个三能级原子