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131.
The solubility of tricin in water and ethanol mixtures was measured over the temperature range of (288.15 to 328.15) K. The concentrations of tricin in the aqueous mixtures were assayed by the ultraviolet spectrophotometric method. The experimental solubility data indicated that the solubility of tricin increases with an increase in temperature and an enrichment in ethanol content. The two models, including the modified Apelblat equation and λh equation were used to correlate the experimental solubility data. The calculated solubility of tricin shows good agreement with the experimental results. Additionally, the estimation of thermodynamic properties including the activity coefficients, dissolution enthalpy, and entropy were obtained from the experimental data. Within the studied temperature range the dissolution process of tricin is endothermic, and the driving force is the entropy. 相似文献
132.
《Electroanalysis》2017,29(2):635-642
An electrochemical sensor for paracetamol (PC) based on the hexacyanoferate(III) intercalated Ni−Al layered double hydroxide (Ni−Al−HCF) was presented. The as‐prepared LDH structurally and morphologically was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and Fourier transform IR. Electrochemical studies revealed that Ni−Al−HCF film modified glassy carbon (GC) electrode exhibited remarkable electrocatalytic activity toward the oxidation of paracetamol. The electrochemical behavior of PC on the Ni−Al−HCF film was investigated in detail. Under optimum experimental conditions, the electrocatalytic response of the modified GC electrode was linear in the PC concentration range 3×10−6−–1.5×10−3 mol L−1, with a detection limit of 8×10−7 mol L−1 (S/N=3), using hydrodynamic amperometry. In addition, the modified electrode exhibited good reproducibility, long‐term stability and anti‐interference property. The fabricated sensor was successfully applied to determination of PC in various pharmaceutical preparations such as tablets, oral solution, and oral drops. Finally, the method was validated by the analysis of paracetamol spiked human serum samples, and good recoveries were obtained in the range of 99.2–103 %. 相似文献
133.
We discuss and evaluate the current state of second-order and higher-order multivariate calibration methods devoted to the determination of compounds in non-multilinear data systems. We examine possible causes of multilinearity deviations:
- (1)
- a non-linear relationship between signal and analyte concentration;
- (2)
- a signal for a given sample that is non-multilinear; and,
- (3)
- component profiles that are not constant across the different samples.
134.
A new borate ion selective electrode using solid salts of Ag3BO3, Ag2S and Cu2S has been developed. Detailed information is provided concerning the composition, working pH and conditioning of the electrode. An analytically useful potential change occurred from 1 × 10−6 to 1 × 10−1 M borate ion. The slope of the linear portion was 31 ± 2 mV/10-fold changes in borate concentration. The measurements were made at constant ionic strength (0.1 M NaNO3) and at room temperature. The effect of Cl−, Br−, NO3−, SO=4, H2PO4− anions and K+, Na+, Cu2+, Ag+, Ca2+ cations on borate response is evaluated and it was found that only Ag+ had a small interference effect. The lifetime of the electrode was more than two years, when used at least 4-5 times a day, and the response time was about 20-30 s. Borate content in waste water of borax factory, tap water of a town situated near to the borax factory and city tap water far from these mines were also determined. The validation was made with differential pulse polarography for the same water sample, and high consistency was obtained. 相似文献
135.
This paper reports the first use of a polymer inclusion membrane (PIM) for on-line separation in flow injection analysis (FIA) involving simultaneous extraction and back-extraction. The FIA system containing the PIM separation module was used for the determination of Zn(II) in aqueous samples in the presence of Mg(II), Ca(II), Cd(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Fe(III). The Fe(III) and Cu(II) interferences were eliminated by off-line precipitation with phosphate and on-line complexation with chloride, respectively. The concentration of Zn(II) was determined spectrophotometrically using 4-(2-pyridylazo) resorcinol (PAR). The optimal composition of the PIM consisted of 40% (m/m) di(2-ethlyhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) as carrier, 10% (m/m) dioctyl phthalate (DOP) as plasticizer and 50% (m/m) poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) as the base polymer. The optimized FIA system was characterized by a linear calibration curve in the range from 1.0 to 30.0 mg L−1 Zn(II), a detection limit of 0.05 mg L−1 and a relative standard deviation of 3.4% with a sampling rate of 4 h−1. Reproducible results were obtained for 20 replicate injections over a 5 h period which demonstrated a good membrane stability. The FIA system was applied to the determination of Zn(II) in pharmaceuticals and samples from the galvanizing industry and very good agreement with atomic absorption spectrometry was obtained. 相似文献
136.
137.
Preparation of a graphene-based magnetic nanocomposite for the extraction of carbamate pesticides from environmental water samples 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A graphene-based magnetic nanocomposite was synthesized and used for the first time as an effective adsorbent for the preconcentration of the five carbamate pesticides (metolcarb, carbofuran, pirimicarb, isoprocarb and diethofencarb) in environmental water samples prior to high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection. The properties of the magnetic nanocomposite were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. This novel graphene-based magnetic nanocomposite showed great adsorptive ability towards the analytes. The method, which takes the advantages of both nanoparticle adsorption and magnetic phase separation from the sample solution, could avoid some of the time-consuming experimental procedures related to the traditional solid phase extraction. Various experimental parameters that could affect the extraction efficiencies have been investigated. Under the optimum conditions, the enrichment factors of the method for the analytes were in the range from 474 to 868. A linear response was achieved in the concentration range of 0.1-50 ng mL(-1). The limits of detection of the method at a signal to noise ratio of 3 for the pesticides were 0.02-0.04 ng mL(-1). Compared with the dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and the ultrasound-assisted surfactant-enhanced emulsification microextraction, much higher enrichment factors and sensitivities were achieved with the developed method. The method has been successfully applied for the determination of the carbamate pesticides in environmental water samples. 相似文献
138.
Atom interferometry gravity-gradiometer for the determination of the Newtonian gravitational constant G 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A. Bertoldi G. Lamporesi L. Cacciapuoti M. de Angelis M. Fattori T. Petelski A. Peters M. Prevedelli J. Stuhler G. M. Tino 《The European Physical Journal D - Atomic, Molecular, Optical and Plasma Physics》2006,40(2):271-279
We developed a gravity-gradiometer based on atom interferometry for the determination of the Newtonian gravitational constant
G.
The apparatus, combining a Rb fountain, Raman interferometry and a juggling scheme for fast launch of two atomic clouds, was
specifically
designed to reduce possible systematic effects. We present instrument performances and preliminary results for the measurement
of G with a relative uncertainty of 1%. A discussion of projected accuracy for G measurement using this new scheme shows
that the results of the experiment will be significant to discriminate between previous inconsistent values. 相似文献
139.
自适应卡尔曼滤波分光光度法同时测定铜,锌,钴,镍 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本文采用自适应卡尔曼滤波(AKF)分光光度法,分析了以5-Br-PADAP为显色剂。OP为增溶剂的Cu、Zn、Co、Ni混合体系,探讨了显色条件、滤波参数选择问题。合成试样解析结果表明:AKF法能很好地消除由于这四个元素的络合物光谱严重重叠而致的相互干扰,获得准确的分析结果,同时因AKF法可在一定程度上校正混合体系吸光度对加和性的偏离,故而计算结果优于普通卡尔曼滤波法(KF)。 相似文献
140.
本文是差谱法的一个应用实例。以盐酸羟胺为还原剂,用柠檬酸钠掩蔽A1(Ⅲ)以防止生成氢氧化铝沉淀。在PH值8.3-9.5下,Cu(Ⅰ)及Fe(Ⅱ)能与邻菲罗啉生成有色络合物,加热能大大加快显色时间,在乙醇存在下可使Cu(Ⅰ)络合物至少稳定5小时,方法简便、准确。 相似文献