超薄反射镜支撑技术

运用有限元方法对一种超薄反射镜的多个支撑方案进行分析计算,其中包括支撑点数量及排布方式的合理选择、支撑组件的优化设计。分析结果表明:该超薄反射镜在自重下的面形精度通过多点调节能够满足要求,预示了将该支撑技术应用于超薄反射镜具有可行性,并为超薄反射镜结构在面形控制实验中实施主动调节提供了数值依据。     

面阵探测器的像点亚像素定位研究

面阵探测器可直接探测点目标图像的位置,但其定位精度受到探测器分辨率的限制。因此,亚像元精度技术得到了发展。它是利用目标像点的灰度分布特性,通过内插细分算法,确定出像点位置。可将定位精度提高1—2个数量级。本文介绍了几种实现目标像点亚像素定位的内插细分算法。对它们的计算公式、特点进行了分析,并进行了实验验证。     

真空腔测量空气折射率的方法及精度分析

空气折射率的测量及补偿效果在高精度激光干涉测量中起着“瓶颈”作用。分析了空气折射率的补偿原理 ,研究了用预抽气真空腔测量和补偿空气折射率的测量原理、方法及装置 ,分析了该方法对测量误差产生的原因。最后对测量精度作出了估计。     

摄影测量图像处理的高精度误差补偿法

在高精度的摄影测量中,图像处理精度对整体测量精度起着至关重要的作用,但成像过程中摄像机对特征点图像的离散化采样,会造成图像与原始信号的失真,从而带来图像处理环节的误差.通过对图像处理过程中特征点总能量、能量分布弥散半径和图像处理窗口的特性分析,并以特征点中心位置、提取误差大小和能量密度函数的标准差之间关系为基础,提出一种针对离散化采样的误差补偿法.该方法仅需标定一次补偿参数,适用于所有摄像机和算法,可显著提升原有图像处理精度.实验证明,对于质心法和高斯拟合法,该补偿法可将图像提取精度提高到0.03 pixel.     

Effect of ignition energy on the uncertainty in the determination of laminar flame speed using outwardly propagating spherical flames

The initial propagation processes of expanding spherical flames of CH₄/N₂/O₂/He mixtures at different ignition energies were investigated experimentally and numerically to reduce the effect of ignition energy on the accurate determination of laminar flame speeds. The experiments were conducted in a constant-volume combustion bomb at initial pressures of 0.07???0.7?MPa, initial temperatures of 298???398?K, and equivalence ratios of 0.9???1.3 with various Lewis numbers. The A-SURF program was employed to simulate the corresponding flame propagation processes. The results show that elevating the ignition energy increases the initial flame propagation speed and expands the range of flame trajectory which is affected by ignition energy, but the increase rates of the speed and range decrease with the ignition energy. Based on the trend of the minimum flame propagation speed during the initial period with the ignition energy, the minimum reliable ignition energy (MRIE) is derived by considering the initial flame propagation speed and energy conservation. It is observed that MRIE first decreases and then increases with the increasing equivalence ratio and monotonously decreases with increasing initial pressure and temperature. As the Lewis number rises, MRIE increases. The results also suggest that during the data processing of the spherical flame experiment, the accuracy of determination of laminar flame speeds can be enhanced when taking the flame radius influenced by MRIE as the lower limit of the flame radius range. Then the flame radius influenced by MRIE was defined as RFR. It can also be found that there exist nonlinear relationships between RFR and the equivalence ratio and Lewis number, and the RFR decreases with increasing initial pressure and temperature.     

A multigrid method with higher‐order discretization schemes

The implementation of the multigrid method into the SIMPLE algorithm presents interesting aspects concerning the mass fluxes conservation on coarser grids, the k–ε turbulence model and the higher‐order discretization schemes. Higher‐order discretization schemes for the convection terms are increasingly used in order to guarantee accuracy in demanding engineering applications. However, when used in single‐grid algorithms, their convergence is considerably slower compared with the first‐order schemes. Unbounded higher‐order schemes offer maximum accuracy, but quite often they do not converge due to their oscillatory behaviour. This paper demonstrates the dual function of the multigrid method: reduction of CPU time and stabilization of the iterating procedure, making it possible to perform computations with the third‐order accurate QUICK scheme in all cases. The method is applied to the calculation of two‐ and three‐dimensional flows with or without turbulence modelling. The results show that the convergence rate of the present algorithm does not deteriorate when QUICK is used and that, if applied on complex engineering cases, large gains in computational time can be achieved. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

High‐order finite difference schemes for incompressible flows

This paper presents a new high‐order approach to the numerical solution of the incompressible Stokes and Navier–Stokes equations. The class of schemes developed is based upon a velocity–pressure–pressure gradient formulation, which allows: (i) high‐order finite difference stencils to be applied on non‐staggered grids; (ii) high‐order pressure gradient approximations to be made using standard Padé schemes, and (iii) a variety of boundary conditions to be incorporated in a natural manner. Results are presented in detail for a selection of two‐dimensional steady‐state test problems, using the fourth‐order scheme to demonstrate the accuracy and the robustness of the proposed methods. Furthermore, extensions to higher orders and time‐dependent problems are illustrated, whereas the extension to three‐dimensional problems is also discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effect of heat transfer on a third grade fluid in a flat channel

The heat transfer analysis on the laminar flow of an incompressible third grade fluid through a porous flat channel is examined. The lower plate is assumed to be at a higher temperature than the upper plate. Analytical solution for temperature distribution is obtained for various values of the controlling parameters and discussed. The obtained analytical solution is also compared with the numerical solution. The comparison shows the fact that the accuracy is remarkable. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

水下爆炸柱形高压气泡膨胀过程的RGFM和高精度格式数值模拟

为了对柱形装药水下爆炸高压气泡膨胀过程进行三维数值模拟,用level set方法追踪气水界面,详细描述了精确对柱形气泡进行level set建模;对于流场,使用Euler方程描述,并用高精度格式(五阶WENO和四阶R-K法)离散空间项和时间项;对于level set方程,使用五阶HJ-WENO离散;用RGFM处理气水界面附近网格节点。给出了水下流场不同时刻的压力云图、柱形高压气泡的形状演变以及流场中几个指定点的压力峰值。通过三维建模和计算验证,用RGFM结合高精度格式可以很好地对柱形高压气泡膨胀问题进行三维数值模拟,同时也可以较精确地追踪高密度比、高压力比的三维气水界面。计算结果表明,柱形高压气泡在膨胀过程中,形状逐渐向椭球形变化;位于固壁附近的柱形高压气泡受固壁反射波的影响,在固壁法线方向上的膨胀会受到抑制;双圆柱形高压气泡膨胀产生的冲击波,可以彼此抑制对方的膨胀。

     

不可压磁流体力学方程组的高精度数值解法

为数值求解低雷诺数下不可压流体在电磁场作用下的流动,提出一种四阶紧致差分方法.由二维原始变量的MHD方程组出发,推导出具有较少未知量的电流密度-涡量-流函数形式MHD方程组.建立了求解二维非定常不可压MHD方程组的电流密度-涡量-流函数形式的四阶精度紧致差分格式.为验证本文提出的高精度紧致差分方法的精确性和可靠性,对有...