Fast Face-Recognition Optical Parallel Correlator Using High Accuracy Correlation Filter

We designed and fabricated a fully automatic fast face recognition optical parallel correlator [E. Watanabe and K. Kodate: Appl. Opt. 44 (2005) 5666] based on the VanderLugt principle. The implementation of an as-yet unattained ultra high-speed system was aided by reconfiguring the system to make it suitable for easier parallel processing, as well as by composing a higher accuracy correlation filter and high-speed ferroelectric liquid crystal-spatial light modulator (FLC-SLM). In running trial experiments using this system (dubbed FARCO), we succeeded in acquiring remarkably low error rates of 1.3% for false match rate (FMR) and 2.6% for false non-match rate (FNMR). Given the results of our experiments, the aim of this paper is to examine methods of designing correlation filters and arranging database image arrays for even faster parallel correlation, underlining the issues of calculation technique, quantization bit rate, pixel size and shift from optical axis. The correlation filter has proved its excellent performance and higher precision than classical correlation and joint transform correlator (JTC). Moreover, arrangement of multi-object reference images leads to 10-channel correlation signals, as sharply marked as those of a single channel. This experiment result demonstrates great potential for achieving the process speed of 10000 face/s.     

随机过程数值仿真的精度实验与分析

为了考核随机过程数值仿真中采用的混沌多项式展开,小波动态自适应网格等的可靠性和近似程度,本文构造了一个具有解析解的随机过程,随后进行数值仿真。比较了数值仿真结果与解析解,证明两者是相互一致的。说明所采用的数值仿真方法是成立和近似度是可以接受的。所进行比较的随机过程解析解是相对比较简单的,当对更复杂的情况需要进一步数值实验验证。在文中并讨论了影响数值仿真精度和增加数值仿真工作难度的因素。     

光谱分辨率和信噪比对光谱线指数测量精度的影响

分析光谱分辨率和信噪比对19个Lick原子吸收线指数测量精度的影响。采用高斯卷积方法,将光谱变换到不同分辨率下,通过测量并比较光谱在不同分辨率下的线指数值探究分辨率改变对线指数测量精度的影响;通过向光谱叠加符合不同高斯分布的随机噪声方法,将无噪理论光谱改变到不同信噪下,通过测量并比较光谱在不同信噪比时的线指数值分析信噪比对线指数测量精度的影响。结果表明：改变光谱分辨率能够引起线指数测量值的变化,此变化程度依赖于分辨率的改变程度,且此依赖关系对不同指数呈不同变化趋势;信噪比对线指数测量精度的影响随信噪比的降低而增大,当信噪比高于25时,此影响可忽略。     

频域近红外光学成像法的苹果内部病变检测精度

苹果组织内部的病变会导致其光学参数发生变化。用频域近红外光学成像法（FD-DOT）对苹果组织进行吸收系数和约化散射系数的检测,并结合三维重构技术得到的重构图像可以直观地了解苹果内部的病变情况,从而实现对苹果内部病变的无损检测。选择可最大程度区分苹果正常组织与病变组织所对应的波长为740 nm的光作为激光光源。当FD-DOT的入射光调制频率不同、苹果内部病变的程度不同、病变位置和大小不同时,会导致成像精度的变化,设计了一系列模拟仿真实验研究以上因素对苹果内部病变检测精度的影响：设定不同的激光调制频率,研究调制频率对重构图像精度的影响;在苹果模型中某一位置添加不同大小的球形病变,研究病变区域大小对重构图像精度的影响;在苹果模型中不同位置添加一定大小的异质体,研究病变位置不同对重构图像精度的影响。首先用Abaqus建立苹果有限元网格模型,设计了12个740 nm的近红外激光光源和6个检测器均匀排布在苹果模型表面,根据实验需要,在组织体模型中添加代表病变的球形异质体,用经过高频调制的光源照射进苹果,检测出射光的交流幅度和相位延迟,然后借助开源软件NIRFAST计算并反推出待测苹果内部的吸收系数和约化散射系数分布并进行三维重构,重构结果可以用重构图像的吸收系数对比度噪声比（CNR值）和吸收系数分布图进行评价。实验结果表明,想要检测到尺寸较大苹果的深处病变,需要较高的入射光调制频率;该方法可以检测到大小适宜的苹果中大部分半径大于5 mm的球形病变区域,且随着病变区域在一定范围内扩大,重构图像的精度逐渐增加,但病变区域过大时,图像精度开始降低;病变区域距离检测器越来越近时,重构图像的精度逐渐增加,但当病变区域与检测器距离过小时,重构图像的精度有降低的趋势;病变区域距离检测器平面的垂直距离越近,重构图像的精度越高。以上实验结果将为应用频域近红外光学成像法对苹果进行无损检测奠定良好基础。     

多晶硅片反应离子刻蚀制绒后扩散工艺的匹配性

根据机载激光通信的环境和链路距离,采用光电粗精复合轴结构,提出一种双探测器、双光轴机载激光通信复合轴捕获跟踪瞄准系统方案.对整个系统的光路结构进行了分析和优化设计,使粗跟踪精度达120 μrad,精跟踪系统带宽大于300 Hz,执行动态范围达5 mrad,跟踪精度达3 μrad,并成功实现通信距离17.5 km、通信速率1.5 Gbps,误码率达1E-7的飞机对地面激光通信实验.     

Novel wavelength-accurate InP-based arrayed waveguide grating

A 13-channel, InP-based arrayed waveguide grating （AWG） is designed and fabricated in which the on-chip loss of the central channel is about -5 dB and the crosstalk is less than -23 dB in the center of the spectrum response. However, the central wavelength and channel spacing are deviated from the design values. To improve their accuracy, an optimized design is adopted to compensate the process error. As a result, the central wavelength 1549.9 nm and channel spacing 1.59 nm are obtained in the experiment, while their design values are 1549.32 nm and 1.6 nm, respectively. The route capability and thermo-optic characteristic of the AWG are also discussed in detail.     

F-P腔不同扫频段透射谱锁频精度实验

针对窄线宽激光器输出谱线窄,难以被锁定的情况,利用F-P腔特有极窄线宽、高精细度特性对激光器谱线线宽实施压窄及频率锁定。通过设计实验方案并搭建锁频测试平台,利用F-P腔外部光反馈将窄线宽半导体激光器线宽压窄来提高锁频精度。通过监测正弦波调制下F-P腔对于4种不同直流电压下激光PZT扫频段的透射谱线,并对其分别进行解调和锁频精度测试,得到直流高压放大器电压为73 V时对窄线宽激光器进行扫频,激光器反馈锁频精度最高可达1.5 MHz。     

光学面形的轮带光学抛光方法研究

鉴于光学零件高陡度凹曲面的抛光是光学加工的一个难题,轮带光学确定性抛光方法是解决此类零件抛光的有效方法之一;提出轮带光学抛光技术的原理和方法。研究了轮带光学抛光方法修形的可行性,采用五轴精密数控机床系统对一块直径Ф80 mm的K9玻璃平面样镜进行了修形试验,经过3次迭代修形使其面形精度均方根误差(RMS)由初始的0109 λ提高到0028 λ,平均每次收敛率达到13。实验结果表明,应用轮带光学抛光技术进行光学镜面修形,面形收敛速度较快,加工精度较高。本实验验证了轮带光学抛光技术的修形能力,为高陡度光学零件的抛光提供了研究基础。     

Measurement of the X‐ray mass attenuation coefficients of silver in the 5–20 keV range

The X‐ray mass attenuation coefficients of silver were measured in the energy range 5–20 keV with an accuracy of 0.01–0.2% on a relative scale down to 5.3 keV, and of 0.09–1.22% on an absolute scale to 5.0 keV. This analysis confirms that with careful choice of foil thickness and careful correction for systematics, especially including harmonic contents at lower energies, the X‐ray attenuation of high‐Z elements can be measured with high accuracy even at low X‐ray energies (<6 keV). This is the first high‐accuracy measurement of X‐ray mass attenuation coefficients of silver in the low energy range, indicating the possibility of obtaining high‐accuracy X‐ray absorption fine structure down to the L₁ edge (3.8 keV) of silver. Comparison of results reported here with an earlier data set optimized for higher energies confirms accuracy to within one standard error of each data set collected and analysed using the principles of the X‐ray extended‐range technique (XERT). Comparison with theory shows a slow divergence towards lower energies in this region away from absorption edges. The methodology developed can be used for the XAFS analysis of compounds and solutions to investigate structural features, bonding and coordination chemistry.     

空间矩亚像素细分算法的研究

本文首先介绍了空间矩亚像素细分算法的基本原理、计算模板及公式,然后着重分析该方法的原理误差的起因,并推导了原理误差公式;本文利用实验对方法的有效性、线性及精度进行了研究,给出了方法的亚像素定位的标准差、直线边缘检测的坐标图、补偿后的直线边缘坐标图及实测尺寸对比结果