The Domany-Kinzel cellular automaton phase diagram

The boundaries between the three phases of the Domany-Kinzel probabilistic cellular automaton are determined with high accuracy via the gradient method. The difficulties the extrapolation to the thermodynamic limit are circumvented and the critical exponents are also presented.     

Elastic and Damage Longitudinal Shear Behavior of Highly Concentrated Long Fiber Composites

The elastic and damage longitudinal shear behavior of highly concentrated long fiber composites is analyzed by means of a simplified model where it is supposed that the fibers are rigid and touch each other in a regular hexagonal array. In the microscopic unit cell the problem is reduced to six similar problems of antiplane deformation on an equilateral circular triangle (see forthcoming Figure 2). These problems are solved in closed form by the complex variable method, and the solution is used to determine the longitudinal shear moduli, and to study their dependence on the microscopic damage caused by the circumferential debonding at the fiber–matrix interface. Subsequently, the damage evolution is investigated under the hypothesis that the microcracks propagate according to the Griffiths energy criterion. The elastic domain, where there is no damage propagation, is determined and it is shown that it is a polygonal convex set symmetric with respect to the origin. The overall damage evolution is discussed in detail and illustrated with some examples which highlight the very rich nature of the proposed model.     

A new solution for the rotation-driven spreading of a thin fluid film

Lie groups are used to solve the equation governing the flow of a thin liquid film subject to centrifugal spreading and viscous resistance. A new implicit solution is found. It is shown how this relates to the previous known solutions for the spreading of an initially flat film, the steady state and a separable solution. New permissible forms for the film evolution are also studied, including solutions exhibiting finite time blow-up. Near the contact line, where the film height tends to zero, an approximate explicit solution is obtained which may be used to describe a film with any size contact angle.     

Maneuver analysis methodology to predict vehicle impacts on training lands

Tactical mobility analysis techniques were merged with land management strategies to assess potential impacts of vehicle operations on training areas for rangeland planning and management. A vehicle mobility analysis was performed for a suite of vehicle types using the NATO Reference Mobility Model (NRMM II). Input parameters include terrain information (soil type, slope, vegetation, surface roughness, soil strength), terrain surface condition based on climate (terrain strength, freeze–thaw, moisture content, snow cover), and vehicle specifications (tire, power train, weight on each axle, ground clearance, dimensions, ride). The vehicle performance was spatially mapped over the terrain for different seasons of the year and used to calculate the maneuverable acreage, which was compared to acreage needed for training requirements. This can be related to land capability based on expected training impact (Maneuver Impact Miles, MIM) and Land Condition Curves which link training density to land condition. This methodology can be used to determine the suitability of training lands and the degree of land management or rehabilitation expected. The methodology was applied to the transformation of the Alaska training lands to support a new brigade unit called the Stryker Brigade Combat Team (SBCT3), but is equally useful for other training areas and military units. For summer use, Alaska training lands are capable of supporting four times the projected training requirements. For winter, when the ground is frozen, more than 10 times the area needed was available.     

Influence of damage on properties of strain localization in geomaterials at plane stress and plane strain

Summary By regarding geomaterials under loading as a mixture of intact and damaged parts, we investigate the influence of damage on the properties of strain localization in elastoplastic geomaterials at plane stress and plane strain. Conditions for the onset of strain localization including the effects of damage are derived for the cases of plane strain and plane stress. Discussed are the inclination of the localized band and the hardening modulus corresponding to the onset of strain localization. It is shown that the properties of the strain localization are dependent on the damage and the capacity of bearing hydrostatic pressure by the damaged part, and that damage may induce an earlier onset of strain localization and lead to instability of a geomaterial.accepted for publication 11 March 2004     

黄土洞穴对公路危害的地质模式及致灾机理

作为黄土地区一种重要的不良地质现象,黄土洞穴对各种工程都造成了不同程度的危害,其中以对公路的危害最为突出。黄土洞穴对公路路基、边坡、桥梁、隧道和排水设施都有不同程度的危害,而且这些危害在型式、主要危害的部位及危害的严重程度等方面都有一定规律。为了从根本上认识黄土洞穴对公路的危害的规律和机理,指导公路黄土洞穴稳定性评价和防治,本文在对陕西省和甘肃省公路黄土暗穴调查的基础上,根据黄土洞穴对公路工程不同部位的破坏特征总结出黄土洞穴对公路路基、边坡、桥梁、隧道和排水设施危害的地质模式和致灾机理。     

Damage analysis and fracture criteria for piezoelectric ceramics

Both the mechanical and the electrical damages are introduced to study fracture mechanics of piezoelectric ceramics in this paper. Two kinds of piezoelectric fracture criteria are proposed by using the damage theory combined with the well-known piezoelectric fracture experiments of Park and Sun [Fracture criteria of piezoelectric ceramics, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 78 (1995) 1475-1480]. One is based on a critical state of the mechanical damage and the other on a critical value of a proper linear combination of both the mechanical and the electrical damage variables. It is found that the fracture load predicted, which takes the mechanical damage into account only (mode 1), has greater deviation than predicted result by considering a proper linear combination of the mechanical and the electrical damages (mode 2). And the fracture criterion corresponding to mode 2 presented is shown to be superior to mode 1. It is also demonstrated that the mechanical damage has greater effect on fracture than the electrical damage.