Interaction of H2S with α-Fe2O3(0 0 0 1) surface

The atomic-scale structural changes in an α-Fe₂O₃ (hematite) (0 0 0 1) surface induced by sulfidation and subsequent oxidation processes were studied by X-ray photoemission spectroscopy, LEED, and X-ray standing wave (XSW) measurements. Annealing the α-Fe₂O₃(0 0 0 1) with a H₂S partial pressure of 1 × 10⁻⁷ Torr produced iron sulfides on the surface as the sulfur atoms reacted with the substrate Fe ions. The oxidation state of the substrate Fe changed from 3+ to 2+ as a result of the sulfidation. The XSW measured distance of the sulfur atomic-layer from the unrelaxed substrate oxygen layer was 3.16 Å. The sulfide phase consisted of three surface domains identified by LEED. Formation of the two-dimensional FeS₂ phase with structural parameters consistent with an outermost layer of (1 1 1) pyrite has been proposed. Atomic oxygen exposure oxidized the surface sulfide to a sulfate () and regenerated the α-Fe₂O₃(0 0 0 1) substrate, which was indicated by a (1 × 1) LEED pattern and the re-oxidization of Fe to 3+.     

Time-frequency analysis of transient dispersive waves: A comparative study

The goal in this work is to investigate the effectiveness of time-frequency representations for analysing dispersive waves by comparing the performance of three different methods. In particular, the smoothed pseudo-Wigner distribution, the continuous wavelet transform and the Hilbert-Huang transform are compared and evaluated in terms of their ability to analyse dispersive elastic waves. The waves under consideration are transient flexural ones generated by an impact in a beam. In view of the results of the comparative study, the advantages and shortcomings of each method are presented and discussed.     

低频液体表面波激光衍射条纹的特征

用激光衍射法实现了低频液体表面波稳定、清晰、反衬度非常高的条纹,并发现了缺级现象.理论上分析了表面波的光衍射效应,得到了衍射光场和表面波之间的解析表达式,表达式包括衍射因子和干涉因子.通过对衍射因子和干涉因子的分析,得到衍射条纹空间分布与表面波波长的关系、条纹的半角宽度与入射激光光斑覆盖表面波的个数和入射方向的关系、衍射光强度与表面波振幅的关系,并解释了条纹缺级现象.     

Closed solution to electromagnetic scattering of a plane wave by an eccentric cylinder coated with metamaterials

Closed series solution of electromagnetic scattering by an eccentric coated cylinder is achieved in matrix form. Diffracted field patterns are examined for an incident plane transverse magnetic (TM) wave. The solution is found by the classical separation of variables technique and the translational addition theorems. Wave transformation and orthogonality of the complex exponentials are employed to produce an infinite series. Numerical results are then shown by shortening the infinite series to a limited number of terms. Solutions are discussed for a dielectric or a metamaterial coating.     

Nonlinear instability of charged liquid jets: Effect of interfacial charge relaxation

A linear and nonlinear study has been made of cylindrical interface, carrying a uniform surface charge in the presence of a finite rate of charge relaxation, is investigated by using multiple scales method. The linear stability flow is analyzed by deriving a dispersion relation for the growth waves, and solving it analytically and numerically to find marginal stability curves. We investigate the electric charge relaxation effects on the stability of the flow by considering various limiting cases. We also examine the effects of finite charge relaxation times in axisymmetric and nonaxisymmetric modes. In the nonlinear approach, it is shown that the evolution of the amplitude is governed by a Ginzburg–Landau equation. There is also obtained a nonlinear modified Schrödinger equation describing the evolution of wave packets for small charge relaxation time. Further, the classic Schrödinger equation is obtained when the influence of relaxation time charge is neglected. On the other hand, the complex amplitude of quasi-monochromatic standing waves near the cutoff wavenumber is governed by a similarly type of nonlinear Schrödinger equation in which the roles of time and space are interchanged. This equation makes it possible to estimate the nonlinear effect on the cutoff wavenumber. The nonlinear theory, when used to investigate the stability of charged liquid jet, appears accurately to predict a new unstable regions. The effects of the surface charge and charge relaxation on the stability are identified. The various stability criteria are discussed both analytically and numerically and the stability diagrams are obtained.     

Reynolds stress models applied to canonical shock-turbulence interaction

Shock waves in high-speed flows can drastically alter the nature of Reynolds stresses in a turbulent flow. We study the canonical interaction of homogeneous isotropic turbulence passing through a normal shock, where the shock wave generates significant anisotropy of Reynolds stresses. Existing Reynolds stress models are applied to this canonical problem to predict the amplification of the stream-wise and transverse normal Reynolds stresses across the shock wave. In particular, the efficacy of the different models for the rapid pressure–strain correlation is evaluated by comparing the results with available direct numerical simulation (DNS) data. The model predictions are found to be grossly inaccurate, especially at high-Mach numbers. We propose physics-based improvement to the Reynolds stress-transport equation in the form of shock-unsteadiness effect and enstrophy amplification for turbulent dissipation rate . The resulting model is found to capture the essential physics of Reynolds stress amplification, and match DNS data for a range of Mach numbers. Numerical error encountered at shock waves are also analysed and the model equations are cast in conservative form to obtain physically consistent results with successive grid refinement. Finally, the proposed model for canonical shock-turbulence interaction is generalised to multi-dimensional flows with shock of arbitrary orientation.     

用晶格玻尔兹曼方法研究螺旋波的产生机制和演化行为

采用五速正方晶格玻尔兹曼模型，由晶格玻尔兹曼方程推导得到了反应扩散方程.分析了Selkov反应扩散系统螺旋波的形成机制.零流边界条件下计算机数值模拟螺旋波的形成和破碎过程，发现Selkov反应扩散系统的失稳属于Doppler失稳.改变参数模拟系统的演化行为，发现不同的参数下系统可能到达三种不同的状态：均匀定态、混沌状态和螺旋波. 关键词： 晶格玻尔兹曼方法 螺旋波 计算机模拟     

并联铁电体冲击去极化输出电流实验和计算

 为分析不同数量铁电体的输出电流特征,进行了多片并联PZT95/5铁电体冲击去极化实验,测量了电阻负载下铁电体的输出电流;建立了并联铁电体输出电流的计算模型,计算了并联铁电体的输出电流。通过比较计算和实验结果,分析了铁电体数量和冲击波状态对铁电体输出电流的影响。结果表明：若进入铁电体的冲击波为平面波,铁电体输出电流的波形接近方波,电流峰值随铁电体并联数量的增加成比例增加,冲击波波形和侧向稀疏波对铁电体输出电流波形和去极化率有很大的影响。     

Ground States to the Generalized Nonlinear Schr(o)dinger Equations with Bernstein Symbols

This paper concerns with existence and qualitative properties of ground states to generalized nonlinear Schr(o)dinger equations (gNLS) with abstract symbols.Under some structural assumptions on the symbol,we prove a ground state exists and it satisfies several fundamental properties that the ground state to the standard NLS enjoys.Furthermore,by imposing additional assumptions,we construct,in small mass case,a nontrivial radially symmetric solution to gNLS with H1-subcritical nonlinearity,even if the natural energy space does not control the H1-subcritical nonlinearity.