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991.
Chunhua Hu Klaus Froehlich Peng Zhou Qian Lou Simiao Zeng 《Isotopes in environmental and health studies》2013,49(2):188-196
Based on the monthly δ18O value measured over a hydrology period in precipitation, runoff of five tributaries and the main lake of the Poyang Lake Basin, combined with hydrological and meteorological data, the characteristics of δ18O in precipitation (δ18OPPT) and runoff (δ18OSUR) are discussed. The δ18OPPT and δ18OSUR values range from?2.75 to?14.12 ‰ (annual mean value=?7.13 ‰ ) and from?2.30 to?8.56 ‰, respectively. The seasonal variation of δ18OPPT is controlled by the air mass circulation in this region, which is dominated by the Asian summer monsoon and the Siberian High during winter. The correlation between the wet seasonal averages of δ18OSUR in runoff of the rivers and δ18OPPT of precipitation at the corresponding stations shows that in the Poyang Lake catchment area the river water consists of 23% direct runoff (precipitation) and 77% base flow (shallow groundwater). This high proportion of groundwater in the river runoff points to the prevalence of wetland conditions in the Poyang Lake catchment during rainy season. Considering the oxygen isotopic composition of the main body of Poyang Lake, no isotopic enrichment relative to river inflow was found during the rainy season with maximum expansion of the lake. Thus, evaporation causing isotopic enrichment is a minor component of the lake water balance in the rainy period. During dry season, a slight isotopic enrichment has been observed, which suggests a certain evaporative loss of lake water in that period. 相似文献
992.
Silvina C. Carretero Cristina Dapeña Eduardo E. Kruse 《Isotopes in environmental and health studies》2013,49(3):399-419
This contribution presents the hydrochemical and isotopic characterisation of the phreatic aquifer located in the Partido de la Costa, province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. In the sand-dune barrier geomorphological environment, groundwater is mainly a low-salinity Ca-HCO3 and Na-HCO3-type, being in general suitable for drinking, whereas in the continental plain (silty clay sediments), groundwater is a Na-Cl type with high salinity and unsuitable for human consumption. The general isotopic composition of the area ranges from?6.8 to?4.3 ‰ for δ18O and from?39 to?21 ‰ for δ2H, showing that rainwater rapidly infiltrates into the sandy substrate and reaches the water table almost without significant modification in its isotopic composition. These analyses, combined with other chemical parameters, made it possible to corroborate that in the eastern area of the phreatic aquifer, there is no contamination from marine salt water. 相似文献
993.
Hannu Nykänen Promise A. Mpamah Antti J. Rissanen 《Isotopes in environmental and health studies》2013,49(6):622-641
ABSTRACTWe studied natural and forestry-drained peatlands to examine the effect of over 34 years lowered water table on the δ13C values of vegetation, bulk peat and subsoil. In the seven studied sites, δ13C in the basal peat layer was 1.1 and 1.2?‰ lower than that of the middle-layer and surface layer, respectively. Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between the δ13C values of the basal and surface peat layers, possibly due to carbon (C) recycling within the peat column. In the same mire complex, natural fen peat δ13C values were lower than those of the nearby bog, possibly due to the dominance of vascular plants on fen and the generally larger share of recycled C in the fens than in the bogs. Furthermore, natural and 51 years previously drained fen and bog, on the opposite sides of a ditch on the same mire complex, showed no significant differences in δ13C values. Plant δ13C values were lower, while δ13C values of subsoil were higher in the drained than in the natural site of the fen. 相似文献
994.
995.
研究了少周期脉冲串作用下三能级原子中的布居转移和相干布居捕获现象.在非旋波近似的情况下求解了密度矩阵方程.研究结果表明在等时间间隔的锁相脉冲作用下,系统能级的布居逐步转移并积累,系统基态相干也逐步积累.在满足脉冲重复频率为基态能级频差的整数分之一倍时,三能级系统和频率梳中两梳齿频率成分作用形成相干布居捕获现象,原子暗态布居值达到最大,介质对脉冲透明.在适当选取少周期脉冲参量的情况下,在0.5个ns的时间内三能级系统相干性演化到最大后到达稳态,相干布居捕获发生.与脉宽为100个fs的多周期脉冲相比,少周期脉冲串在介质中建立相干布居捕获的时间缩短两个数量级.由于频率梳中与三能级系统发生作用的梳频成份有相同的频移,相干布居捕获的条件双光子共振仍然满足.因而,当两基态能级频率差较大时,如果选取少周期脉冲载波频率为系统能级1至2和1至3的传输频率之和的一半ω=(ω1+ω2)/2,室温下原子热运动的引起的多普勒频移并不会破坏相干布居捕获. 相似文献
996.
Tatjana Mitrović Vesna Obradović Dušan Golobočanin Nives Ogrinc 《Isotopes in environmental and health studies》2013,49(2):166-179
This paper presents the results of hydrological, physicochemical, biological, and isotopic investigations of the Danube River along the stretch through Serbian territory conducted during four campaigns in September and November 2007, September 2008 and April 2009. The stable isotope values exhibited significant changes both in the Danube (?10.7 to?9.5‰ for δ18O and?73.7 to?67.1 ‰ for δ2H) and in its tributaries (?9.1 to?8.5‰ for δ18O and?69.4 to?59.4‰ for δ2H) depending on the time of survey, which could be partly attributed to the influences of seasonal effects. Results emphasise the dominant role of tributaries inflows from aquifers along the Danube. The very narrow range of δ13CPOC (from?28.9 to?27.4 ‰) was associated with relatively high C/N ratios (C/N>9), and together with δ15NTPN values, the date suggested that, in early spring, a major fraction of particulate organic matter was derived from allochthonous matter. An orthogonal varimax rotation of the principal components analysis identified four latent factors (‘mineral related’, ‘biological’, ‘hardness’, and ‘soil inlets’) which are responsible for the data structure covering 79% of the observed variations among the variables studied. A reliable grouping of samples with respect to the season was found. 相似文献
997.
Nguyen Dinh Chau Marek Dulinski Pawel Jodlowski Jakub Nowak Monika Sleziak 《Isotopes in environmental and health studies》2013,49(4):415-437
The issue of natural radioactivity in groundwater is reviewed, with emphasis on those radioisotopes which contribute in a significant way to the overall effective dose received by members of the public due to the intake of drinking water originating from groundwater systems. The term ‘natural radioactivity’ is used in this context to cover all radioactivity present in the environment, including man-made (anthropogenic) radioactivity. Comprehensive discussion of radiological aspects of the presence of natural radionuclides in groundwater, including an overview of current regulations dealing with radioactivity in drinking water, is provided. The presented data indicate that thorough assessments of the committed doses resulting from the presence of natural radioactivity in groundwater are needed, particularly when such water is envisaged for regular intake by infants. They should be based on a precise determination of radioactivity concentration levels of the whole suite of radionuclides, including characterisation of their temporal variability. Equally important is a realistic assessment of water intake values for specific age groups. Only such an evaluation may provide the basis for possible remedial actions. 相似文献
998.
Dietmar Haendel Reiner Höfling Peter Kowski 《Isotopes in environmental and health studies》2013,49(4):402-406
In 1983/1984, in the course of the 28th Soviet Antarctic Expedition, waterbody, ice cover, and surrounding glaciers of the lakes Untersee and Obersee were sampled along some depth profiles. The geochemical data of those samples, now available, show the homogeneity of both large lakes in vertical (down to the maximum depth) as well as in lateral directions. The comparison of isotope and chemical composition of lake water and adjoining glacier ice suggests strong differences in the long-term evolution between the lakes Untersee and Obersee. First data from a lakelet, embedded in the large morainic area to the west of Lake Untersee, are of special interest: the δ2H values of the lakelet water are lower than those of recent regional glacier ice by 50‰ SMOW. This fact indicates that the lakelet is fed episodically by Pleistocene dead ice, covered by the morainic material. 相似文献
999.
刻画符号模式矩阵允许对角化一直是一个长期的开问题.在本文中,我们获得了一些符号模式矩阵允许对角化的充分和(或)必要条件.另外,我们还给出了从一个秩为${\rm mr}(A)$的实矩阵$B\in Q(A)$出发需要改变多少个元素能够获得一个秩为${\rm MR}(A)$的实矩阵$B''\in Q(A)$ 的一些结论.最后,我们还获得了一些用Frobenius标准形表示的符号模式矩阵的允许对角化的结论. 相似文献
1000.