广东科学中心高温超导磁悬浮车设计与制作

广东科学中心交通世界展馆的高温超导磁悬浮车演示模型,由支架、永磁轨道、超导磁悬浮小车、直线电机和控制系统构成。∞形轨道长19m,包含直线、圆曲线、缓和曲线、坡道,轨道沿线布置直线电机线圈和光电传感器。磁悬浮小车为两节联挂,每节小车车体由两个低温液氮容器和一个直线电机动子组成,每个液氮容器中包含6块YBCO超导块材。磁悬浮小车可以在轨道上连续运行,自控系统能够对小车进行启动、加速、减速、定位停车等运行控制,运行模式分自动行驶和手动操作两种。     

Effects of variation in modulator temperature during cryogenic modulation in comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography

Many modulation systems in comprehensive 2D GC (GC×GC) are based on cryogenic methods. High trapping temperatures in these systems can result in ineffective trapping of the more volatile compounds, whilst temperatures that are too low can prevent efficient remobilisation of some compounds. To better understand the trapping and release of compounds over a wide range of volatilities, we have investigated a number of different constant temperature modulator settings, and have also examined a constant temperature differential between the cryo‐trap and the chromatographic oven. These investigations have led us to modify the temperature regulation capabilities of the longitudinally modulated cryogenic system (LMCS). In contrast to the current system, where the user sets a constant temperature for the cooling chamber, the user now sets the temperature difference between the cryo‐trap and the chromatographic oven. In this configuration, the cooling chamber temperature increases during the chromatographic run, tracking the oven temperature ramp. This produces more efficient, volatility‐dependent modulation, and increases the range of volatile compounds that can be analysed under optimal trap‐and‐release conditions within a single analytical run. This system also reduces cryogenic fluid consumption.     

临近空间稀薄空气低温捕集技术研究

针对临近空间飞行平台上各种红外探测器冷却的特殊需求,提出了一种新型临近空间红外探测器冷却方法,研究了该冷却方法中稀薄空气低温捕集的关键问题,并设计了临近空间稀薄空气低温捕集装置,进行了临近空间稀薄空气低温捕集的初步试验。     

Exploratory growth in the Li2MoO4-MoO3 system for the next crystal generation of heat-scintillation cryogenic bolometers

In this work, we report on the Czochralski growth of Li₂MoO₄ crystals up to 230 g for heat-scintillation cryogenic bolometers likely to be used in astroparticle physics and neutron spectroscopy. Their transmission properties, radiopurity levels and detector behavior characterizations were carried out in order to validate the crystal growth process. The melting characteristics, the partition coefficients of a broad range of impurities, the thermal expansion (lattice parameters and dilatometry) and specific heat properties of the crystals were measured, over a broad temperature range for the last two, providing new data likely to be used in crystal growth process numerical simulations. We also investigated the crystal growth of Li₄Mo₅O₁₇ and determined its melting behavior and specific heat. The physical properties directly relevant to heat-scintillation cryogenic bolometers of Li₂MoO₄ and Li₄Mo₅O₁₇ are discussed in the context of the current materials developed for such applications.     

Application of solid-phase micro-extraction and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) for flavour analysis

Summary Headspace solid-phase micro-extraction (HS SPME), comprehensive two-dimensional GC (GC×GC), and flame ionization detection (FID) have been examined for their suitability and compatibility for rapid sampling, separation, and detection of garlic flavour volatiles. This approach (HS-SPME-GC×GC-FID) is distinctly superior to use of one-dimensional GC, i. e., HS-SPME-GC-FID. Direct comparison of the experimental results showed that a 10–50-fold increase in sensitivity is obtained, separating power is substantially enhanced, and the peak capacity is up to ten times higher. As a consequence, much more detailed flavour analysis can be performed; this results in better information about the aroma-active compounds.     

Quantitative analysis of polymer additives in low density polyethylene using supercritical fluid extraction/supercritical fluid chromatography

Analysis of low concentration polymer additives has been a challenging problem. The commonly used methods of analysis involve the initial extraction of polymer additives with solvents, often in a Soxhlet apparatus, followed by liquid, size exclusion, or gas chromatography. This paper describes the on-line super-critical fluid extraction (SFE)-supercritical fluid chromatographic (SFC) determination of different additives from low density polyethylene. Cryogenic collection was used as an interface between SFE and SFC to focus the extraction eluate before transfer to an analytical SFC column for quantitative analysis.     

低温翅片管换热器的传热试验研究

为了研究翅片管换热器在低温工况下的传热性能,进行了翅片管汽化器的气化试验。采用低温热电偶连续测量翅片管汽化器8个不同位置的温度,得到8条温度曲线。分析曲线表明气化过程可归结为非稳态与稳态两个阶段,并经历液相、汽液两相及气相三个传热区。试验结果为同类换热器的分段设计提供了依据。     

低温液体核态流动沸腾传热的机理模型

对核态沸腾表面上的各种传热机理进行了分析和量化,建立了低温液体核态流动沸腾传热的机理模型,并将该模型纳入双流体模型实现了数值求解,数值预测的结果详细地反映出了壁面上各参数随流动的变化情况。该机理模型的计算结果表明,气泡挣脱后液体与过热壁面间的激冷效应是导致壁面上各参数在OSV处突变的根本原因。     

Studies on cryogenic trapping of solutes during chromatographic elution in capillary gas chromatography

Cryogenic trapping of solutes leads to narrowing of the chromatographic band. By placing the trap at the end of a capillary column, it is possible to study the effectiveness of the trap in terms of producing a sharpened elution profile. The trap may be heated by supplementary heating, but here convective heating from the GC oven is employed simply by turning off the cryogenic coolant. It is estimated that it takes about 50 s for the trap to heat up sufficiently to allow trapped solute to be remobilized, although this depends upon the oven temperature and thermal mass of the trap. It can also be shown that the more volatile solutes mobilize faster from the trap in this particular mode of operation. The recovery of trapped components shows that there is essentially quantitative trapping, and the solutes are trapped just at the leading edge of the trap.     

低温制冷技术在光电器件中的应用及发展

】重点论述了与光电子技术的密切相关的低温制冷技术应用及发展 ,叙述了光电器件常用的几种制冷机的主要特点。根据我国光电器件对低温制冷机的需求概况 ,对我国今后制冷机的发展做了初步展望