上消化道出血患者血清微量元素观察

测定和比较了４８上消化道出血患者和３０例健康者血清中的Ｚｎ、Ｆｅ、Ｃｕ及Ｃａ的含量，结果表明，上消化道出血患者血清中Ｚｎ、 Ｆｅ含量降低，可作为该病辅助诊断指标。     

Autofluorescence endoscopy for the gastrointestinal tract

This review focuses on our basic study results and clinical experience of fluorescence endoscopy for the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Collagen, which fluoresces in the green wavelength range, is one of the major sources of tissue autofluorescence (AF) and AF imaging systems are now available. With their use, however, it is important to take into account tissue changes other than, or in addition to, changes in gross tissue morphology. These may include alterations in the local blood volume, tissue metabolic activity, and relative fluorophore concentrations. New AF imaging systems are very easy to use, because white light endoscopy can be changed to AF at the push of a button, and hold great promise for diagnosis of early carcinomas and premalignant lesions in the GI tract. In particular, AF endoscopy has potential for identification of small or flat tumors, tumor margins and premalignant lesions in Barrett’s esophagus, as well as for assessing tumor grade and response to therapy. However, large-scale studies are needed to clarify the clinical impact of this new diagnostic approach.     

Health Effects of Grape Seed and Skin Extracts and Their Influence on Biochemical Markers

This review is focused on the study of the effects of grape seed and skin extract (GSSE) on human health. GSSE contains high concentrations of important polyphenolic substances with high biological activity. This review is a summary of studies that investigate the effects of GSSE on diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease and cancer, its neuroprotective effect, and its effects on the gastrointestinal tract and other health complications related to these diseases. The results of the studies confirm that the anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and pro-proliferative effects of “Vitis vinifera L.” seed extract reduce the level of oxidative stress and improve the overall lipid metabolism.     

An improved model for the acoustic radiation impedance of the mouth based on an equivalent electrical network

This paper proposes a model for acoustic radiation impedance of the mouth in the form of the equivalent electrical network. Five known models of radiation impedance are compared: radiation of a circular piston set in a spherical baffle: radiation of a circular piston set in an infinite baffle, the Flanagan model, the Wakita and Fant model, and the Stevens, Kasowski and Fant model. The proposed model most accurately approximates the radiation impedance of a circular piston set in a spherical baffle. Differences between the acoustic resistance and reactance calculated by the proposed model and the piston set in a spherical baffle of 9 cm radius are relatively small in the kr < 2 region. The deviations in calculated values of the acoustic resistance and the reactance are within ±0.023 × ρc/A_m and ±0.008 × ρc/A_m, respectively, where A_m denotes the area of the mouth aperture. The accuracy of the proposed model is demonstrated by vowel formant frequency calculations. Differences in formant frequencies calculated by applying the proposed model and the piston set in a spherical baffle model are less than 0.3%.     

Structural and ultrastructural characterization of male reproductive tracts and spermatozoa in fig wasps of the genus Pegoscapus (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea)

The three Pegoscapus species present the same internal reproductive tract features comprising testes with a single testicular tubule, seminal vesicles, vasa deferentia, accessory glands and an ejaculatory duct. The seminal vesicle shows two morphologically distinct portions although they do not resemble the separate chambers found in other Chalcidoidea. The anterior portion of the seminal vesicle shows a prominent epithelium and stores the mature spermatozoa, while the posterior region is formed by a thicker muscular sheath that participates on ejaculation. The sexual maturation in Pegoscapus is achieved at emergence, when the testicular degeneration occurs. The spermatozoa of Pegoscapus reveal a basic structure similar to that of other Chalcidoidea. In Pegoscapus sp1. and Pegoscapus sp2. they present the same features, whereas Pegoscapus tonduzi comprises some different characteristics. It measures approximately 160 μm in Pegoscapus sp1. and Pegoscapus sp2., while in P. tonduzi the spermatozoa measure about 360 μm. The extracellular sheath thickness is another difference among the species. While Pegoscapus sp1. and Pegoscapus sp2. show a thick extracellular sheath, in P. tonduzi this sheath is very thin resulting in a large space intervening between the extracellular sheath and the nucleus. Despite these differences, the three species analyzed share some characteristics that allow the establishment of an identity to the spermatozoon of the genus Pegoscapus: the seminal vesicle not divided in chambers; the absence of acrosomal structures in the spermatozoa; the length of the extracellular sheath; the central microtubules being the firsts to terminate in the sequence of microtubular cutoff at the final axonemal portion.     

婴幼儿反复呼吸道感染全血铁的测定及儿康宁疗效观察

为了解婴幼儿反复呼吸道感染 (RRTI)全血铁的变化及观察中药补血制剂儿康宁对RRTI的疗效 ,对符合RRTI诊断标准的 72名婴幼儿测定了全血铁含量 ,并与健康儿 5 0例作对照。观察组用儿康宁治疗 3个月后再复查全血铁含量 ,并观察儿康宁对RRTI的疗效。结果表明 ,观察组全血铁含量平均值 ( 693 6 0 9± 73 3 99) μmol/L与对照组 ( 80 99 3 5± 1 3 9 82 ) μmol/L比较 ,差异有极显著意义。用儿康宁治疗 3个月后全血铁含量 ( 80 75 71± 1 2 8 78) μmol/L明显增高 ,差异极显著。RRTI婴幼儿用儿康宁治疗后 ,无论在每月平均发病次数、每次发病平均持续天数及每月发热平均持续天数均比治疗前明显缩短。提示婴幼儿铁缺乏可使免疫功能削弱 ,易发生反复呼吸道感染。儿康宁治疗在改善缺铁状态的同时 ,对婴幼儿RRTI有减少发病、缩短病程及改善症状的作用 ,值得推广应用     

Effect of artificially lengthened vocal tract on vocal fold oscillation's fundamental frequency.

The fundamental frequency of vocal fold oscillation (F(0)) is controlled by laryngeal mechanics and aerodynamic properties. F(0) change per unit change of transglottal pressure (dF/dP) using a shutter valve has been studied and found to have nonlinear, V-shaped relationship with F(0). On the other hand, the vocal tract is also known to affect vocal fold oscillation. This study examined the effect of artificially lengthened vocal tract length on dF/dP. dF/dP was measured in six men using two mouthpieces of different lengths. Results: The dF/dP graph for the longer vocal tract was shifted leftward relative to the shorter one. Conclusion: Using the one-mass model, the nadir of the "V" on the dF/dP graph was strongly influenced by the resonance around the first formant frequency. However, a more precise model is needed to account for the effects of viscosity and turbulence.     

The Functional Linkage Among the "ZSL"-Spinal Dorsal Horn-SN

Electrical stimulation of the Zusanli point (ZSL) and solitary tract nucleus (SN) as well as microelectrode recording from the laminae Ⅲ-Ⅴ of the lumbar spinal dorsal horn have been used on the pentobarbital anesthetized rats, finding and identifying 57 spinal neurons responding to the stimulations of both ZSL and SN. Among them, 34 responded antidromically to SN; the others responded orthodromically to SN. Among them, the lowthreshold mechano-receptive(LTM) neurons and wide-dynamic-range (WDR) neurons were 50 percent respectively. The results indicate that (ⅰ) a single spinal dorsal horn neuron receives somatic afferent input and then conveys it to the visceral sensory nucleus-SN; (ⅱ) some spinal dorsal horn neurons receive, in turn, innervation from the SN; (ⅲ) the convergence and integration between somatic and visceral sensory inputs might occur in the spinal dorsal horn neurons and/or SN.     

Open and covered singing as studied by means of fiberoptics, inverse filtering, and spectral analysis

Covering the voice near the passaggio is a technique mainly used in male classic Western singing. The purpose is said to be to smooth the register transition and avoid register breaks. The physiological and acoustical differences between open and covered singing near the so-called passaggio were investigated by means of fiberoptics, inverse filtering, and spectral analysis. The study corroborated previous findings that covering physiologically means a widening and lengthening of the pharynx. Acoustically, covering implies a change of formant frequencies, and an elevated sound pressure level of the lowest source spectrum partial, i.e., the fundamental, resulting from an increased transglottal air flow. The findings indicate that covered singing also is associated with larynx lowering. Covered singing near the passaggio shows similarities to so-called phonation, and is probably preferable from the point of view of vocal hygiene.     

小儿尿路感染的微生物病原菌分布及解决对策

目的探讨小儿尿路感染的病原菌分布以及解决对策。方法选择90例小儿尿路感染患者为分析对象,分析其尿路感染病原微生物分布以及抗菌药物药敏情况。结果革兰阴性杆菌所占的比例达到了83.65%,其中大肠埃希菌占到71.26%。大肠埃希菌对头孢呱酮、头孢美蛙、亚胺培南、阿米卡星、氨曲南这些药物的敏感性较高。结论导致小儿尿路感染的主要病原微生物为大肠埃希菌,临床应依据病原菌分布以及抗菌药物药敏情况,合理选择和使用抗菌药物,有效控制感染,减少耐药菌株出现。