Functional magnetic resonance cholangiography with Gd-EOB-DTPA: A study in healthy volunteers

Purpose

To describe the patterns of bile distribution in the biliary tree, duodenum, jejunum, and stomach, and to determine the gallbladder ejection fraction (GBEF) by using functional magnetic resonance cholangiography (MRC) with gadolinium-ethoxybenzyl-diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA) in healthy volunteers.

Materials and Methods

Forty subjects were included in this study. After conventional MRC, pre-fatty meal MRC (PRFM) was obtained at 30, 40, 50, and 60 min after contrast agent injection. Then, post-fatty meal MRC (POFM) was obtained every 10 min for 1 h. We assessed the PRFM and POFM for opacification of contrast agent in the first- and second-order intrahepatic ducts (IHDs) and the common bile duct (CBD). Contrast agent opacification in the cystic duct was assessed, and the percentage volume of contrast agent filling in the gallbladder (GB) was calculated on PRFM. We calculated the GBEF and assessed the presence of contrast agent in the GB, duodenum, jejunum, and stomach.

Results

Thirty-six (90%) subjects showed grade 3 CBD opacification (visible contrast and well-defined bile duct border) on 60-min PRFM. Thirty-four (85%) subjects showed grade 3 first-order IHD opacification on 60-min PRFM. All (100%) subjects showed cystic duct opacification of contrast agent, and the average percentage volume of contrast agent filling in the GB was 68.81% ± 16.84% on 60-min PRFM. The GBEF at 30-min POFM was 35.00% ± 18.26%. Ten (25%) subjects had no contrast agent in the stomach and small bowel on all PRFMs. Twelve (30%) subjects had contrast medium in the stomach on PRFM and/or POFM.

Conclusions

Functional MRC with Gd-EOB-DTPA can allow determining the distribution of bile in the biliary tree and small intestine, as well as the GBEF.     

幼儿反复呼吸道感染与头发中微量元素含量关系研究

报道了2886名正常儿童与718例反复呼吸道感染儿童头发中微量元素含量对比研究结果。研究表明,患儿的身高、体重和发Zn明显低于正常儿童,而发Cu、Ca、Pb则明显高于正常和童。因子提取分析显示,Zn和Pb在儿童反复呼吸道感染发病中起非常重要的作用。患反复呼吸道感染儿童约占儿童总数的20％左右。     

Natural Small Molecules in Gastrointestinal Tract and Associated Cancers: Molecular Insights and Targeted Therapies

Gastric cancer is one of the most common cancers of the gastrointestinal tract. Although surgery is the primary treatment, serious maladies that dissipate to other parts of the body may require chemotherapy. As there is no effective procedure to treat stomach cancer, natural small molecules are a current focus of research interest for the development of better therapeutics. Chemotherapy is usually used as a last resort for people with advanced stomach cancer. Anti-colon cancer chemotherapy has become increasingly effective due to drug resistance and sensitivity across a wide spectrum of drugs. Naturally-occurring substances have been widely acknowledged as an important project for discovering innovative medications, and many therapeutic pharmaceuticals are made from natural small molecules. Although the beneficial effects of natural products are as yet unknown, emerging data suggest that several natural small molecules could suppress the progression of stomach cancer. Therefore, the underlying mechanism of natural small molecules for pathways that are directly involved in the pathogenesis of cancerous diseases is reviewed in this article. Chemotherapy and molecularly-targeted drugs can provide hope to colon cancer patients. New discoveries could help in the fight against cancer, and future stomach cancer therapies will probably include molecularly formulated drugs.     

胃肠道正常组织与相应肿瘤组织结构的FTIR光谱研究

本文用傅里叶变换红外显微光谱对一系列胃肠道（食道、胃、结肠）肿瘤组织和相应正常组织的冰冻切片进行了研究。结果显示，所有肿瘤组织的光谱基本一致。而正常组织的光谱按１４００－９５０ｃｍ＾－１区域的特点可分为三类。对光谱中蛋白质酰胺Ｉ带曲线拟合的结果表明，正常组织和肿瘤组织中蛋白质的二级结构有着很大的差别。     

Recent advancement and development of chitin and chitosan-based nanocomposite for drug delivery: Critical approach to clinical research

This review depicts the exposure of chitin and chitosan base multifunctional nanomaterial composites for promising applications in field of biomedical science structure, synthesis as well as potential application from a colossal angle. We elaborated critically each of the chitin and chitosan base nanomaterial with its potential application toward biomedical science. For different biomedical applications it use in form of hydrogels, microsphere, nanoparticles, aerogels, microsphere and in form of scaffold. Due to this it had been blended with different polymer such as starch, cellulose, alginate, lipid, hyaluronic acid, polyvinyl alcohol and caboxymethyl cellulose. In this review article, a comprehensive overview of combination of chitin and chitosan base nanomaterial with natural as well as synthetic polymers and their biomedical applications in biomedical field involving drug delivery system all the technical scientific issues have been addressed; highlighting the recent advancements.     

Dictamnine Inhibits the Adhesion to and Invasion of Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli (UPEC) to Urothelial Cells

Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is the most common pathogenic bacteria associated with urinary tract infection (UTI). UPEC can cause UTI by adhering to and invading uroepithelial cells. Fimbriae is the most important virulence factor of UPEC, and a potentially promising target in developing novel antibacterial treatments. In this study, the antibacterial properties and effects of the compound dictamnine, extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine Cortex Dictamni, on the bacterial morphology, cell adhesion, and invasion of UPEC were studied. Dictamnine exhibited no obvious antibacterial activity against UPEC, but significantly impeded the ability of UPEC to adhere to and invade uroepithelial cells. RT-qPCR analysis showed that treatment downregulated the expression of type 1 fimbriae, P fimbriae, and curli fimbriae adhesion genes, and also downregulated adhesion-related receptor genes of uroepithelial cells. Transmission electron microscopy showed that dictamnine destroyed the structure of the fimbriae and the surface of the bacteria became smooth. These results suggest that dictamnine may help to prevent UTI by simultaneously targeting UPEC fimbriae and urothelial adhesin receptors, and may have a potential use as a new anti-UPEC drug.     

人工神经网络用于消化道癌症初级诊断研究

测定了正常人及消化道癌症病人头发样品１１种元素含量,然后将人工神经网络（ＡＮＮ）用于正常人与癌症患者的分类预测,并用独立预测样本作了检验,预报识别率达１００％。讨论了网络参数的选择和发样中微量元素与癌症的关系。结果表明该方法可作为消化道癌症初级诊断的一种辅助手段。     

反复呼吸道感染与血清中微量元素关系的研究

反复呼吸道感染是儿科的常见病、多发病 ,研究表明 ,RRTI患儿急性期血清铁、锌明显降低 ,且感染发作频率与铁、锌下降程度有关[1] 。作者旨在通过对 68例 RRTI患儿 ,67例营养不良患儿及 5 6例健康儿童血清硒、铁、铜、锌、铅、钙、镁 7种元素含量的测定分析及比较 ,为临床诊断及治疗提供参考。1　材料与方法1 .1　主要仪器与试剂WYX— 90 0 3型原子吸收分光光度计 (沈阳分析仪器厂 ) ,WHG— 1 0 2 A2型流动注射氢化物发生器 (北京瀚时制作所 ) ,管式自控电热消化器(北京化工研究院 ) ,硒、铅、铁、锌、铜、钙、镁 7种元素分析物质均属…     

儿童反复呼吸道感染与血锌相关性研究

为探讨反复呼吸道感染患儿与血锌的相关关系,对因呼吸道感染住院或门诊治疗的患儿进行了静脉全血微量元素锌测定,其中复感儿35例,非复感儿40例。结果表明,复感儿低锌血症的百分率(82.9%)明显高于非复感儿(57.5%)(P>0.05)。提示低锌血症与儿童反复呼吸道感染具有密切关系,是儿童反复呼吸道感染的重要因素之一。