干涉型复合腔激光束相干合成中分束器的相移特性研究

分析了采用分束器构建干涉型复合腔进行激光束相干合成的过程与原理.利用分束器的特征矩阵研究了分束时产生的反射与透射相移,得到了两束相干光经过分束器分束后进行相干叠加时相移满足的普适关系,从相移的角度解释了分束器一侧发生相长干涉时另一侧必然发生相消干涉这一现象.比较了分束器与光纤耦合器在激光束相干合成应用中的一些特性,并验证了所得相移关系式的正确性.     

基于成像法的气溶胶粒形和散射分析仪

粒形是影响气溶胶粒子光散射特性的基本参量,其定量信息的研究受到越来越多的关注。气溶胶粒形的常规测量手段为散射法和显微成像法。将散射法与显微成像法有机结合,提出了基于成像法设计气溶胶粒形和散射分析仪的新方案,实现了仪器测量的自身完善。利用自编的无限长圆柱理论的仿真程序,分析了线偏振光入射下,已知形状的单个棉絮纤维粒子的散射强度和偏振。实验数据和程序运算结果的比较表明,用该方法设计的分析仪的检测是可靠的。     

大气湍流对部分相干电磁平顶光束传输的影响

基于相干性和偏振性统一理论,采用Rytov相位结构函数平方近似推导出了部分相干电磁平顶光束在湍流大气中传输的偏振度、相干度和光谱强度公式,并研究了湍流对其传输特性的影响.研究表明,偏振度和相干度与源光谱的带宽无关.大气湍流使得不同阶数的部分相干电磁平顶光束的偏振度经长程传输后均趋于其初始值.大气湍流使得部分相干电磁平顶光束与电磁高斯一谢尔模型光束相干度的差别减小,并导致相干度的振荡和相位奇异现象消失.大气湍流使得相干性较好的部分相干电磁平顸光束的光谱跃变现象消失.     

喷气箍缩等离子体X射线椭圆弯晶谱仪研究

为了测量喷气箍缩等离子体X射线的空间分辨光谱,利用椭圆聚焦原理,研制了一种椭圆晶体谱仪．分别利用Si（111）、Mica（002）椭圆晶体作色散元件,离心率均为0．9480,布喇格角为30～67．5°,光谱信号采用半径为50mm的半圆形胶片接收,从等离子体源经晶体到胶片的光路长为1430mm．在“阳”加速器装置上进行摄谱验证实验,成功获取了氩喷气等离子体X射线的光谱．测量光谱波长与理论值相符,其中Si弯晶获得的光谱分辨率（λ/△λ=200～300）低于Mica弯晶获得的光谱分辨率（λ／△λ=500～700）．实验结果表明,该谱仪适合于喷气箍缩等离子体X射线的光谱学研究．     

三种中高温热泵工质循环性能实验研究

采用改进型的循环性能对比实验评价研究方法,在水-水蒸汽压缩式热泵实验台上,对理论循环性能优良、样品可得的混合工质M3、M4和纯质HFC245fa,在冷凝温度90～95℃、蒸发温度40～65℃的工况范围内进行了循环性能对比实验研究.研究结果表明,与在冷凝温度90～100℃工况范围内实验性能较优的纯质HFC245fa相比,M3和M4的制热量和COP均明显高于HFC245fa,排温比HFC245fa高10℃左右,综合性能优于HFC245fa;两种混合工质中,M3的环境特性和循环性能最优.     

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HL-2M装置低杂波天线被设计为多栅阵列天线,天线由4行波导组成,每行32个子波导。子波导宽度为0.99cm,壁厚0.3cm,相邻子波导相差取90°。计算得到的反射系数R=0.0261,N||峰值中心为2.375。边缘等离子体电子密度梯度对波谱峰值中心位置没有影响,波峰相对宽度则随之增大而减小。在边缘等离子体电子密度梯度 的情况下,相邻子波导相差为81°时,天线方向性系数最好,为0.2010;反射最小,为0.0223,此时波谱峰值中心为2.125。     

Cross-sections for the formation of isomeric pair Ge through (n, 2n), (n, p) and (n, α) reactions measured over 13.73 MeV to 14.77 MeV and calculated from near threshold to 20 MeV neutron energies

The cross-sections for formation of isomeric pair, ⁷⁵Ge^m(σ_m) and ⁷⁵Ge^g(σ_g), through ⁷⁶Ge(n, 2n), ⁷⁵As(n, p) and ⁷⁸Se(n, α) reactions were measured at 13.73 MeV, 14.42 MeV and 14.77 MeV neutrons and also estimated using EMPIRE-II and TALYS codes over neutron energies from near threshold to 20 MeV. For each (n, 2n), (n, p) and (n, α) reaction, the cross-section initially increases with neutron energy, but starts decreasing as the neutron energy exceeds the respective threshold of (n, 3n), (n, pn) and (n, αn) reactions. The higher values of σ_m relative to σ_g reveal that the transitions of the excited ⁷⁵Ge from higher energy levels to metastable state (7⁺/2) are favored as compared to unstable ground state (1⁻/2). The present values of cross sections for formation of ⁷⁵Ge^m,g through (n, 2n) and (n, α) reactions are lower, and that of (n, p) reaction are higher compared to most of the corresponding literature cross-sections.     

Evidence of Dispersion Relations for the Nonlinear Response of the Lorenz 63 System

Along the lines of the nonlinear response theory developed by Ruelle, in a previous paper we have proved under rather general conditions that Kramers-Kronig dispersion relations and sum rules apply for a class of susceptibilities describing at any order of perturbation the response of Axiom A non equilibrium steady state systems to weak monochromatic forcings. We present here the first evidence of the validity of these integral relations for the linear and the second harmonic response for the perturbed Lorenz 63 system, by showing that numerical simulations agree up to high degree of accuracy with the theoretical predictions. Some new theoretical results, showing how to derive asymptotic behaviors and how to obtain recursively harmonic generation susceptibilities for general observables, are also presented. Our findings confirm the conceptual validity of the nonlinear response theory, suggest that the theory can be extended for more general non equilibrium steady state systems, and shed new light on the applicability of very general tools, based only upon the principle of causality, for diagnosing the behavior of perturbed chaotic systems and reconstructing their output signals, in situations where the fluctuation-dissipation relation is not of great help.     

Coherent combination of two ytterbium fiber amplifier based on an active segmented mirror

To control the phase noise of two ytterbium fiber amplifiers, a coherent combination system based on an active segmented mirror (ASM) has been established in our laboratory. The ASM is controlled by a feed back control loop on the basis of a Peak Rate (PR) algorithm which is realized on a DSP + FPGA hardware control board. Experimental results indicate that when the control loop is off, the far-field interference pattern is blurred and dynamic, while when it is on, the far-field beams interference pattern achieves clear and stable. At two different output powers, the contrasts of the interference stripes are improved from 7% to 19% and 8% to 28% respectively.     

Phase-shifting interferometry with four interferograms using linear polarization modulation and a Ronchi grating displaced by only a small unknown amount

A method to reduce the number of captures needed in phase-shifting interferometry is proposed on the basis of grating interferometry and modulation of linear polarization. The case of four interferograms is considered. A common-path interferometer is used with two windows in the object plane and a Ronchi grating as the pupil, thus forming several replicated images of each window over the image plane. The replicated images, under proper matching conditions, superpose in such a way so that they produce interference patterns. Orders 0 and +1 and −1 and 0 form useful patterns to extract the optical phase differences associated to the windows. A phase of π is introduced between these orders using linear polarizing filters placed in the windows and also in the replicated windows, so two π-shifted patterns can be captured in one shot. An unknown translation is then applied to the grating in order to produce another shift in the each pattern. A second and final shot captures these last patterns. The actual grating displacement and the phase shift can be determined according to the method proposed by Kreis before applying proper phase-shifting techniques to finally calculate the phase difference distribution between windows. Related simulations and experimental results are given.