离轴球形粒子对高斯波束的散射光通量的计算

利用矢量球谐函数展开的方法,研究了离轴球形粒子对椭圆高斯波束的散射。根据其远区散射场的形式,得出了归一化散射场的斯托克斯参量(散射强度)与颗粒直径、折射率以及散射角的关系。建立了计算离轴球形粒子对高斯波束散射通量的解析模型,计算了散射光在任意散射方向上的光通量,得到了前向任意立体角内散射通量的计算公式,为激光散射探测提供了理论依据。     

Design of square-shaped heat flux cloaks and concentrators using method of coordinate transformation

A square-shaped heat flux cloak and a square-shaped heat flux concentrator have been designed theoretically according to the invariance symmetry of steady state thermal conductive equation. The direction of heat flux in these devices can be modulated as desired. Using the method of coordinate transformation, the inhomogeneous and anisotropic thermal conductivity in the transformation region have been acquired. Two-dimensional finite element simulations were performed to confirm the theoretical results.     

Gamma-ray emission from molecular clouds: A probe of cosmic-ray origin and propagation

Cosmic rays up to at least 10¹⁵ eV (PeV) are believed to be emitted by Galactic sources, such as supernova remnants. However, no conclusive evidence of their acceleration has been found yet. A trace of ongoing cosmic-ray acceleration is the gamma-ray emission produced by these highly energetic particles when they scatter off the interstellar medium gas, mainly atomic and molecular hydrogen. Whereas the atomic hydrogen is uniformly distributed in the Galaxy, the molecular hydrogen is usually aggregated in dense clouds, and the gamma-ray emission from such clouds is particularly intense and localised. A multi-frequency approach, which combines the data from the upcoming and future gamma-ray emissions with the data from the submillimeter and millimeter surveys of the molecular hydrogen, is therefore crucial to probe the Galactic cosmic-ray flux. In order to fully exploit this multi-frequency approach, one needs to develop predictions of the expected emission. Here we will discuss the GeV to TeV emission from runaway CRs penetrating molecular clouds close to the young supernova remnant RX J1713-3946 and in molecular clouds illuminated by the background cosmic-ray flux.     

非结构网格上温度扩散方程的能流计算方法

讨论非结构网格上温度扩散方程的能流计算方法.应用有限点方法(Finite Point Method,简称FPM)导出基于有限点两点公式和三点公式的能流计算公式,该公式适用于任意多边形及非匹配网格等非结构网格;给出网格角点温度新的计算公式.数值试验表明:基于两点公式的离散解和基于三点公式的离散解均具有平方阶的收敛速度;基于三点公式的离散解的精度总优于基于两点公式的离散解.     

磁通量子比特qubit信号强度随势垒偏置电压的变化

在20mK极低温下,测量了超导磁通量子比特的环流方向,并测到量子比特(qubit)信号.通过改变磁通量子比特的势垒高度,得到qubit信号强度随势垒高度的变化的实验数据并建立理论模型解释了实验现象.     

On gravitational radiation and the energy flux of matter

A suitable derivative of Einstein's equations in the framework of the teleparallel equivalent of general relativity (TEGR) yields a continuity equation for the gravitational energy‐momentum. In particular, the time derivative of the total gravitational energy is given by the sum of the total fluxes of gravitational and matter fields energy. We carry out a detailed analysis of the continuity equation in the context of Bondi and Vaidya's metrics. In the former space‐time the flux of gravitational energy is given by the well known expression in terms of the square of the news function. It is known that the energy definition in the realm of the TEGR yields the ADM (Arnowitt‐Deser‐Misner) energy for appropriate boundary conditions. Here we show that the same energy definition also describes the Bondi energy. The analysis of the continuity equation in Vaidya's space‐time shows that the variation of the total gravitational energy is determined by the energy flux of matter only.     

De Sitter universes and the emerging landscape in string theory

We discuss a recent proposal to construct de Sitter vacua in string theory. It is based on flux compactifications in string theory where all the moduli are stabilised and supersymmetry is broken with control. The resulting picture is that of a complicated landscape with many vacua of widely varying values for the cosmological constant.     

用图像数字化处理技术测试LED的光参数

由于LED的光比较微弱、体积小,所以在用常规的方法进行测试和使用较大的传感器时,容易产生较大的误差。为此,利用图像数字化处理技术及相应的装置对LED的配光曲线和光通量进行了测试,并介绍了它的基本原理和方法。     

管内耦合换热的辐射热流特征及抽样模式比较

通过数值模拟,研究了圆管层流入口段辐射与对流祸合换热中的辐射热流分布特征,提出并比较了采用蒙特卡罗法计算辐射换热的两种抽样模式。结果表明,在圆管入口段的耦合换热中,同一截面的径向辐射热流密度与轴向辐射热流密度数量级相当,世分布形态差别很大。用蒙特卡罗方法计算辐射换热时,采取等权能束的抽样模式,可消除因抽样能束的能量不同而造成的计算误差、降低计算量、提高计算精度。     

有效温度的计算和大气μ子温度效应的Monte Carlo模拟

高空大气气温变化引起地面或地下探测到的宇宙线μ强度变化.本文介绍了基于日内瓦附近Payerne气象站气球数据的大气μ子有效温度的计算,并选取代表性的8个大气样本模拟了L3+Cosmics探测器位置的宇宙线μ子温度效应,计算了温度系数,得到极端高空温度情况下可能探测到的μ子强度变化的量级,为L3+Cosmicsμ谱精细测量和温度系数的抽取提供参考.