Size-dependent electron chemical potential: Effect on particle charging

Electrostatic charging of particles of identical composition, but different sizes, is a poorly understood phenomenon that may be of importance in dust storms, generation of lightning, numerous technological applications involving solid particulates, and in the agglomeration of lunar dust and inter-stellar dust clouds. We show that under optical excitation, the relative magnitude of surface to volume de-excitation gives size-dependent electron and hole concentrations. The consequent differences in chemical potentials can lead to charge transfer between particles of different size. The direction of charge transfer, from large to small or vice versa, depends critically on the properties of the materials.     

One-step measurements of powder resistivity as a function of relative humidity and its effect on charging

A new one-step technique to measure the effect of ambient humidity on powder resistivity has been previously presented. In this article, we provide more experimental data obtained with five different powders. One-step measurements and traditional multi-step measurements were performed. Also, additional measurements were performed using standard resistivity cell. Results were compared and it could be concluded that the new technique provided meaningful results although significant hysteresis was observed during humidification and drying cycles. Finally, charging of the powder was also measured and it was noticed that it decreases with decreasing resistivity and increasing humidity.     

Dielectric barrier discharge in needle-to-plane configuration: Model of surface charge relaxation

Relaxation process of surface charge owing to dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) in “needle – air gap – polyethylene terephthalate film – plane” configuration is considered. Experimental data of the surface charge relaxation (SCR) are obtained by means of the rotating capacitive probe. Taking into account Gaussian radial distribution of accumulated charge density, effective surface and volume electrical conductivities of a barrier dielectric, phenomenological model of SCR for any dielectric thickness is proposed and exact solutions are obtained. The adequacy of the model is confirmed by the numerical computation. There is a good agreement between the experimental results and the model calculations.     

Influence of relative humidity on the electrostatic charging of lactose powder mixed with salbutamol sulphate

In this study, electrostatic charging of lactose and its mixtures with salbutamol sulphate (SS) were studied as a function of relative humidity (RH). Powder adhesion onto a steel pipe surface was also investigated. The powders were charged by sliding in a steel pipe. Increase in RH decreased the charging of lactose and mixtures, but the effect on SS was not evident. Furthermore, the charge of the mixtures reversed from negative to positive as RH was increased and remained positive as the samples were again dried. Humidification also changed the adhesion behavior of the mixtures onto the pipe surface.     

采用反应挤出三次加料法合成苯乙烯/异戊二烯/苯乙烯

以同向啮合双螺杆挤出机为反应器,采用苯乙烯和异戊二烯为聚合单体,以正丁基锂为引发剂,采用三次加料法合成苯乙烯/异戊二烯/苯乙烯(SIS)三嵌段热塑性弹性体.氢核磁共振(1H NMR)谱分析结果表明,共聚物中聚异戊二烯嵌段以1,4-结构为主.采用四氧化锇催化双氧水氧化降解聚合物分子链,利用凝胶渗透色谱对氧化降解后的聚苯乙烯碎片进行分析,证明共聚物分子为(聚苯乙烯-聚异戊二烯-聚苯乙烯)(PS-PI-PS)三嵌段结构.动态力学分析(DMA)及透射电子显微镜(TEM)分析结果表明,SIS具有两相分离结构.拉伸试验结果表明,共聚物拉伸强度与苯乙烯含量有关.     

用于神光Ⅲ原型装置20 kJ能源系统的研制

在神光Ⅲ原型棒状放大器能源系统中,采用LC串联谐振变换器构成的软开关式恒流充电单元设计了高精度充电机.同时,基于RLC串联谐振电路的临界阻尼特性,设计了脉冲成形单元.分析了氙灯非线性解决办法及内触发点灯方式的可靠性,得出了脉冲氙灯线形等价和触发脉宽影响点灯可靠性的结论.采取计算机远程集中控制的控制策略,使得该系统控制安全高效.设计的20套能源模块完全符合用户要求,说明该方案具有可行性.     

荷电颗粒在旋转环形通道内分离性能研究

为研究带电旋转环形通道内荷电颗粒的运动和沉积特性,本文使用计算流体力学两相流离散颗粒法对带电旋转环形通道内的荷电颗粒的运动过程进行了模拟。根据模拟结果分析了不同粒径、电压、入口雷诺数和通道长径比等参数对荷电颗粒运动和沉积的影响,研究了荷电颗粒在旋转通道内离心力与电场力之间的竞争关系,探索了离心力和电场力导致的荷电颗粒运动和沉积变化的规律。结果表明,单个不同粒径颗粒具有不同的颗粒逃逸电压区间,区间的大小随着颗粒粒径的增大而增大,且区间的宽度随着通道长径比的增大将会明显变小;多个颗粒的逃逸率曲线,不同粒径的颗粒将会有不同程度的交叉,随着长径比的增大,颗粒逃逸率曲线的高度与交叉会有明显的减小,而随着转速的增大,颗粒逃逸率曲线的交叉会有一定程度的减小,且高度不会有明显变化。     

纳米金属氧化物：复合分散法制备及分散性

通过采用水热晶化与荷电复合分散法制备γ-AlOOH、R-TiO₂和α-Al₂O₃纳米晶体粉末,利用TEM和激光粒度分析仪等手段研究了纳米颗粒水热晶化与荷电复合分散的分散效果及其工艺条件,并探讨了金属氧化物纳米颗粒水热晶化与荷电复合分散机理。结果表明,晶化与荷电复合分散可明显改善金属氧化物纳米颗粒在液相中的分散稳定性,所制得的AlOOH、TiO₂和Al₂O₃纳米颗粒在水中分散放置24 h后的透光率的变化率D₂₄还可分别保持为94.1%、87.7%和82.2%;在水中分散后的粒径分布统计的平均粒径分别为67、70和143 nm。     

μs级充电时水介质同轴电容击穿实验研究

 研制了水介质同轴电容的实验装置，在此装置上进行了大量的实验。测得μs级充电时，水介质同轴电容分别在正脉冲和负脉冲充电时的击穿电压，负击穿电压的理论值与测量值相差较大，正击穿电压的理论值大于测量值的18%左右，对此实验结果进行了分析。此外，当去离子水的电阻率从13MΩ·cm降到5 MΩ·cm时，水介质同轴电容器的击穿电压基本不变。     

串联谐振充电电源分析及设计

 推导了串联谐振充电电源不同工作模式下的电流、电压计算公式，给出了计算不同周期电流、电压值的递推公式；应用递推公式说明了这种电源的脉动恒流充电特性；给出了负载电容不完全放电情况下电源参数的计算方法。在负载电容完全放电的情况下，电源的平均输出功率为最大输出功率的一半，在负载电容电压基本维持恒定的情况下，电源平均输出功率与最大输出功率相等；最后给出了一台为Tesla型加速器初级储能电容充电的谐振电源的设计实例，电源的实测结果和计算结果一致，在100Hz重复频率下运行稳定可靠。