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41.
A way of determining the flexibility of wood-pulp fibres is developed, which involves i) a precise measurement of the topology
of single-fibres by using a confocal laser scanning microscope and ii) the measurement of the elastic modulus of the fibres
by using a single-fibre fatigue cell. Reported in this paper are the initial results of tests carried out on black spruce
fibres, which have been subjected to three different levels of mechanical refining energy, namely ∼1100, 2300, and 3500 kWh/t.
It is found that the fibre flexibility rises significantly between the first and second energy levels, but it does not change
to the same degree between the second and third ones. The described procedure of measuring the flexibility of fibres may be
used to establish the appropriate refiner energy necessary for the production of a specific grade of paper.
Russian translation published in Mekhanika Kompozitnykh Materialov, Vol. 42, No. 1, pp. 115–128, January–February, 2006. 相似文献
42.
关于Gerber不等式的一个猜想 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
本文证明了陈计-单墫关于Gerber不等式的一个猜想,作为其应用,导出了单形内一点到顶点的距离与到面的距离的两个不等式. 相似文献
43.
We show that the composition of not only two SO(3,1) boosts, but also that of two SO(n,1) boosts for anyn 2, is basically an SO(2,1) problem and hence can be analysed completely using SL(2,R) matrices. By computing the expression for the Thomas/Wigner angle directly using SL(2,R) matrices we show that this approach results in considerable economy of algebra. 相似文献
44.
45.
J. Martinez Salazar R. K. Bayer T. A. Ezquerra F. J. Baltá Calleja 《Colloid and polymer science》1989,267(5):409-413
The morphology and structure of high molecular weight linear polyethylene (M
w 450000) filled with carbon black and processed using molds that introduce an elongational flow component during injection molding has been examined using electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction techniques. The study of fracture surfaces reveals the display of shish-kebabs oriented along the injection direction with segregated longitudinal channels of carbon black particles. Molecular and lamellar changes in orientation are, furthermore, studied across the thickness of the moldings. It is shown that addition of carbon black particles to injection-molded polyethylene induces significant changes in lamellar orientation. Thus, while lamellar overgrowth proceeds perpendicular to the fiber axes within carbon free channels, lamellae grow randomly within carbon-enriched regions where flow is less pronounced. 相似文献
46.
P.M.?Kosaka Y.?Kawano M.C.?Salvadori D.F.S.?PetriEmail author 《Cellulose (London, England)》2005,12(4):351-359
The adsorption of cellulose acetate (CA), cellulose acetate propionate (CAP) and cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) from solutions
prepared in acetone onto silicon wafers led to ultrathin films, which were characterized by ellipsometry, atomic force microscopy
(AFM) and contact angle measurements. The polysaccharides films were characterized in the air just after their formation and
after annealing at temperatures higher than their glass transition temperature or melt temperature. The films thickness close
to 2 nm and surface roughness did not vary significantly upon annealing. AFM images revealed the presence of small clumps
dispersed on a homogeneous layer, which covered completely the Si wafers. Such topographic details were also observed after
annealing. However, upon annealing the films surfaces changed from hydrophilic to hydrophobic, evidencing molecular re-orientation
at the solid–air interface. The adhesion of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and lipase onto the cellulose esters films was quantified
in order to evaluate the possibility of applying such films as selective support for biomolecules. 相似文献
47.
48.
49.
A. Bismarck M. Pfaffernoschke M. Selimović J. Springer 《Colloid and polymer science》1998,276(12):1110-1116
The grafting method that has successfully been applied to methacrylic acid and liquid crystalline monomers was expanded to
prepare amphoteric carbon fiber surfaces using 2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate as monomer. The obtained carbon fiber surfaces were characterized by contact angle and ζ-potential
measurements. The expected basic behavior was not observed, instead an amphoteric character of the modified carbon fiber surface
was found. The fiber surfaces display a basic character in the acidic pH-range, while they are acidic in the alkaline part
of the pH-scale.
An important influence is derived from the amount of initiator used to graft the monomers onto the fibers. The smaller the
initiator concen-tration used during polymerization, the larger the amount of amino functionalities introduced to the carbon
fiber surface.
The wetting behavior versus water depends on the overall conformation of the immobilized polymer. During immersion into water
the polymer acts hydrophobic, while during emersion, a hydrophilic character is observed, probably derived from conformational
changes and swelling during the contact angle measure-ments in water.
Received: 9 June 1998 Accepted: 13 August 1998 相似文献
50.
AN Ya XU Jun ZHANG Jin HU Changgang LI Ganzuo WANG Zhining WANG Zhongni ZHANG Xiaoyi & ZHENG Liqiang . Key Lab of Colloid Interface Chemistry for State Education Ministry Jinan China . College of Science Guizhou Normal University Guiyang China 《中国科学B辑(英文版)》2006,49(5)
The pseudo-quaternary phase diagram of Brij35/sodium oleate/oleic acid/water systems has been investigated, and the liquid crystal area has been identified, which covers about two thirds of the whole phase diagram. The liquid crystal structure and behavior have been also studied by using polarizing texture, small angle X-ray scattering, 2H-NMR and rheometer etc. The result shows that when the composition of the system changes along the line of AA′ in this large liquid crystal region, the structural change is cubic→cubic/lamellar→lamellar→lamellar/hexagonal→hexagonal. Meanwhile, we made the first attempt of systematic study of the rheological properties of the above system. The lattice constants of cubic and hexagonal liquid crystals are 10.53 and 5.68 nm, respectively. 相似文献