粘度法对可溶解的聚氨酯交联大分子的溶液行为的研究

通过体积稀释法测定可溶性交联大分子溶液的特性粘数随交联度、浓度和时间的变化,发现聚氨酯可溶性交联大分子在溶液中出现与线型和支化型高分子溶液不一样的粘度行为.本文根据聚氨酯的特殊的结构对这些异常现象进行了解释.     

癌变组织可见光反射光谱测量

实现在体、实时、无损的早期癌变检查是人们一直努力的方向。通过对几组样本的显微切片观察得出癌症的确切诊断,然后通过癌变组织和同体正常组织的光谱比较,得到癌变组织的可见光反射光谱特性。发现癌变组织的血红蛋白和去氧血红蛋白的增加是导致反射光谱谱线改变的主要因素。组织癌变后在可见光谱范围反射较正常组织的低,在630 nm处发生了较强烈的吸收变化。光谱中吸收峰值表明了癌变组织中含有丰富的血红蛋白和去氧血红蛋白,这与癌变组织的组织特性一致,实验上表明了可见光反射光谱能区分正常组织和癌变组织。     

Controlling of Solution Concentration on Nucleation During Hydrothermal Synthesis of Analcime

Hydrothermal experiments of analcime nucleation and glass dissolution were carried out in autoclaves under the conditions of autogeneous pressures, temperatures of 150 °C ～ 210 °C, and 0.25 M ～ 0.75 M NaOH solutions. The curves of the glass dissolution and analcime formation are S‐shaped. Yet, the two curves are essentially parallel to each other. The time required for a complete dissolution of glass or the commencement of analcime formation is shorter when the concentration of NaOH solution or the temperature is higher. The amount of the weight percent of analcime synthesized is obviously less than the glass dissolved at a given time of an experiment. The weight difference between glass dissolved and analcime (dehydrated) formed is calculated to be represented as the solution concentration. During an experiment, the solution concentration increases gradually to a maximum, then decreases slowly to a constant value with time. On the other hand, nucleation is also gradually increased to a maximum, then is decreased finally to zero with time in a bell‐shaped curve. It is clear that nucleation of analcime is mainly controlled by the solution concentration.     

Time-space distribution of laser-induced plasma parameters and its influence on emission spectra of the laser plumes

A physical model is developed accounting for dynamics and radiation of plasma plumes induced by nanosecond laser pulses on surface of solid samples. The model has been applied to simulate emission spectra of the laser erosion plasma at the elemental analysis of metals using single- and double-pulse excitation modes.     

Absorption and photoluminescence of PbS QDs in glasses

Optical properties of PbS quantum dots (QDs) precipitated inside the oxide glass matrix were investigated. Photoluminescence (PL) from the PbS QDs showed peak wavelengths located at 1170–1680 nm with widths of 150–550 nm. Radii of QDs in glasses were 2.3–4.7 nm depending upon the thermal treatment. Peak wavelengths of PL bands shifted as much as 70 nm as the temperatures and excitation irradiances increased. Calculated effective local temperatures indicated that these shifts of PL spectra were associated with local heating induced by the temperatures and laser beam.     

Electro-Motive Forces Generated in Concentration Cells of LiCl-Glycerol Solutions

Abstract

Mean ionic activity coefficients of LiCl in Glycerol have been calculated in the concentration range 0.5-500mol.m^-3, using the concentration cell technique. Up to the limit of the Debye-Huckel theory (C ≤ 1 mol·m^-3), the experimental values lie below the limiting line, showing that the measured Electro-Motive-Force might have been false by using our previous cell design. An alternative method based on Fuoss Paired Ion Model has been used to deduce the theoretical data, and consequently, the values of the EMF'S. By comparing these data to those obtained experimentally with KCI and NaCl, we find that they are consistent with the results in aqueous solutions.     

Electronic speckle pattern interferometry deformation measurement on lightweight structures under thermal load

We report on the application of ESPI to measure deformations induced by thermal load on lightweight honeycomb panels for space applications. The panel was mounted isostatically onto a vibration isolated table. A housing for temperature stabilisation was constructed enclosing the panel, heating elements, fans and the ESPI-head made of Invar. Emphasis is put on the quantitative analysis of the deformation of this large object (0.8×0.8 m²) viewed from a relatively short distance of 1.1 m and illuminated sequentially from three non-orthogonal directions. Influences of laser stability, rigid body displacements, temperature inhomogeneities as well as possible deformations of the measurement head are discussed in order to derive the measurement uncertainty and to estimate corrections. Beside the sensitivity vector analysis it is important to take into account the optical light path changes due to temperature changes. Out-of-plane deformation fields of the panel are presented.     

反射式表面粗糙度光纤传感器及其模糊算法

本文提出了一种新型表面粗糙度光纤传感器,阐述了它的结构、工作原理,给出了测试结果.运用模糊算法,分析实测数据,得到系统的测量规则和隶属函数.经过模糊推理和决策计算出相应的输出值.该算法可减小测量误差,提高测量精度,扩大测量范围.本系统能准确地识别R_a分别为0.012μm,0.025μm,0.5μm,0.1μm的被测表面.     

Estimating the measurement uncertainty in forensic breath-alcohol analysis

The evidentiary weight attributed to forensic breath alcohol results in drunk-driving prosecutions requires that measurement uncertainty be established and shown to be fit-for-purpose. The principal components contributing to breath alcohol measurement uncertainty include: (1) biological/sampling, (2) instrumental, (3) traceability and (4) the water/air partition coefficient for control standards. Employing duplicate breath results from over 92,000 subjects to estimate the biological/sampling component and assuming reasonable forensic values for the other components, the combined and expanded uncertainty is determined for a practical example. The combined uncertainty for an unbiased single determination breath alcohol measurement was: . Employing the expanded uncertainty (k = 2.58), the 99% confidence interval for a mean breath alcohol concentration of 0.0935 g/210 L was 0.0866 to 0.1004 g/210 L. The proportion of combined uncertainty associated with each component was determined to be: biological/sampling 73%, analytical 10%, traceability 13% and water/air partition coefficient 4%. These are forensically acceptable estimates and demonstrate fitness-for-purpose of breath alcohol measurement when employing appropriate elements of quality control.     

A Numerical Approach to Copolymers at Selective Interfaces

We consider a model of a random copolymer at a selective interface which undergoes a localization/delocalization transition. In spite of the several rigorous results available for this model, the theoretical characterization of the phase transition has remained elusive and there is still no agreement about several important issues, for example the behavior of the polymer near the phase transition line. From a rigorous viewpoint non coinciding upper and lower bounds on the critical line are known. In this paper we combine numerical computations with rigorous arguments to get to a better understanding of the phase diagram. Our main results include: