双反射镜式光电经纬仪测角误差的分析(轴系部分)

双反射镜式光电经纬仪由于采用了反射镜跟踪头,轴系误差对测角精度的影响不同于典型光电经纬仪。本文从建立经纬仪三维直角坐标系入手,建立了该类型经纬仪轴系误差引起测角误差的数学模型,为精度分析和误差修正提供了依据。     

SJTU-1型医用超声诊断设备声输出测量系统的研制

本系统地研究了医用超声诊断设各声输出公布要求的国家标准GB16846—1997(idt.IEC61157—1992)中规定的主要指标的定义和测量方法，给出了相关的计算公式。介绍了为实施国标而研制的专用测量设备SJTU-1型医用超声设备声输出测量系统的工作原理、系统构成和技术性能。     

Uncertainty of chemical oxygen demand determination in wastewater samples

 The measurement uncertainty of the result of chemical oxygen demand determination in wastewater was evaluated. The major sources of uncertainty of the result of measurement were identified as the purity of reagents, volumetric operations, gravimetric operations, bias, and the repeatability of the method. Identification and evaluation of uncertainty sources was followed by combined uncertainty calculations. The combined uncertainty was compared to the experimentally determined variation and good agreement was found, indicating that the major uncertainty sources had been identified. The results show that the major sources of uncertainty arose from repeatability at high concentration level and volumetric steps at low concentration level, thus revealing the target operations for reducing the measurement uncertainty of this determination. Received: 5 August 2002 Accepted: 5 November 2002 Acknowledgements This research was supported by the Ministry of Education, Science and Sport of the Republic of Slovenia (Project Z2–3530). Presented at CERMM-3, Central European Reference Materials and Measurements Conference: The function of reference materials in the measurement process, May 30–June 1, 2002, Rogaška Slatina, Slovenia Correspondence to A. Drolc     

Singular limits for a 4-dimensional semilinear elliptic problem with exponential nonlinearity

Using some nonlinear domain decomposition method, we prove the existence of branches of solutions having singular limits for some 4-dimensional semilinear elliptic problem with exponential nonlinearity.     

Performance enhancement on mechanical and electrical effects for on-line fiber-optic bending loss measurement

For an automatic testing of the fiber bending loss parameter, we proposed an on-line fiber optic bending loss measurement system. Many impact factors from the supporting systems, free space coupling alignment, external spatial perturbation device and the other automatic testing systems may degrade the on-line fiber-optic bending loss measurement system. We reduce those impact factors and show the mechanical and electrical improvement in this paper. The accuracy can be improved by 3–5 dB for the proposed on-line bending loss measurement system. Development of an on-line fiber-optic bending loss measurement system can provide a fast-checking solution for jump-line quality improvement on fiber-from-the-desk (FFTD) access network.     

Modulating ion current rectification generating high energy output in a single glass conical nanopore channel by concentration gradient

Inspired by biological systems that have the inherent skill to generate considerable bioelectricity from the salt content in fluids with highly selective ion channels and pumps on cell membranes,herein,a fully abiotic,single glass conical nanopores energy-harvesting is demonstrated.Ion current rectification(ICR)in negatively charged glass conical nanopores is shown to be controlled by the electrolyte concentration gradient depending on the direction of ion diffusion.The degree of ICR is enhanced with the increasing forward concentration difference.An unusual rectification inversion is observed when the concentration gradient is reversely applied.The maximum power output with the individual nanopore approaches10~4pW.This facile and cost-efficient energy-harvesting system has the potential to power tiny biomedical devices or construct future clean-energy recovery plants.     

注塑制品残余应力的研究进展

由于实际工艺条件往往与理想值存在一定偏差,制品在成形后通常会存在一些难以避免的缺陷,而残余应力正是最为常见的一种。注塑制品的残余应力是在注塑成形过程中,外界约束去除后,仍存在于塑件内部的应力,在后期使用过程中容易引起塑件的翘曲、变形、乃至断裂破损,多数情况下对制品不利。因此,在塑料制品设计时应充分考虑到残余应力的影响。本文较为全面地介绍了注塑制品残余应力的产生、检测、减小残余应力的措施及残余应力的计算机模拟等内容。     

Improved operator comfort and off-road capability through pendulum arm technology

The Nordic forest industry requires just-in-time wood deliveries. Operations must continue regardless of season, weather and terrain. Soil compaction and deep ruts must be avoided while providing high performance and a reasonable working environment for operators.The Xt28 pendulum arm forwarder is a full-size concept forwarder with six hydrostatic propelled wheels on pendulum arms built on a three-piece frame connected with two articulation joints. The Xt28 concept machine was tested according to Skogforsk standard machine tests. Rut depth test focused on soil interaction where rut depth was measured related to number of passes. Machine dynamics were measured using standardized test track with focus on operator comfort.The project proved the potential of pendulum arm technology in off-road transportation. Automatic pendulum arm levelling, equalized ground pressure between wheels and improved operator comfort through reducing adverse vibrations and roll angles, simultaneously reducing dynamic forces transferred to the forest floor. Pendulum arm technology improves travel speed in adverse terrain, providing unparalleled side slope capability and enhanced productivity.     

量子点CdSe／ZnS的浓度对其荧光的影响研究

影响量子点荧光特性除了量子点尺寸因素外,其溶液浓度也会对其荧光特性起很重要的作用。但到目前,还未见到有关量子点 CdSe／ZnS 在溶液中浓度对其荧光影响的详细报道。为了掌握影响量子点CdSe／ZnS荧光特性的因素及其物理机制,利用紫外-可见吸收光谱仪和荧光光谱仪测量了尺寸为4 nm的量子点CdSe／ZnS在氯仿中不同浓度下的吸收光谱和荧光光谱,并侧重研究了量子点CdSe／ZnS的浓度对其发光特性的影响并分析了其物理机制。结果表明量子点对光谱的吸收随其浓度的增加而增大,但其发光却具有一个最佳浓度2μmol·L－1。当量子点的浓度＞2μmol·L－1时,量子点的荧光强度随着量子点浓度的增加而降低,而当量子点的浓度＜2μmol·L－1时,量子点的发光强度则随其浓度的降低而降低。其原因主要有两个：（1）荧光猝灭效应;（2）荧光发射与光吸收的竞争效应。当量子点的浓度＞2μmol·L－1时,由于量子点之间相距太近（仅为94 nm）而引起了荧光猝灭效应,且其荧光猝灭效应随量子点间距的减小而增大,且因为吸收过大,导致受激的量子点并未增加,因此,其荧光随浓度的增加而降低。而当量子点的浓度＜2μmol·L－1时,因为量子点之间的距离足够大,不再引起荧光猝灭效应,其荧光强度取决于单位体积内的量子点的个数,单位体积内量子点的个数越多,其发光强度越强。因此其发光强度随量子点溶液的浓度降低而降低。     

Second-order and higher-order multivariate calibration methods applied to non-multilinear data using different algorithms

We discuss and evaluate the current state of second-order and higher-order multivariate calibration methods devoted to the determination of compounds in non-multilinear data systems. We examine possible causes of multilinearity deviations:

(1)

a non-linear relationship between signal and analyte concentration;

(2)

a signal for a given sample that is non-multilinear; and,

(3)

component profiles that are not constant across the different samples.

We discuss the advantages and the limitations of the algorithms available to cope with these different situations.The review covers relevant analytical problems found in samples of environmental and biological interest, highlighting some significant examples, and evaluating the advantages and the limitations of the different algorithms available.